Files
EventSnap/backend/src/handlers/upload.rs
Fabian Hamm (Privat) 1d0df3ebf6 feat(upload): make uploads idempotent so a lost response cannot duplicate a photo
The ordinary mobile failure, not an exotic one: the server receives the body,
validates it, commits the row — and the response is lost on the way back because the
guest walked out of range or the AP dropped the connection. The client sees a network
error with the blob still in hand and re-sends it, both when the guest taps "Erneut"
and automatically when the queue requeues on reconnect. Every attempt minted a fresh
`Uuid::new_v4()` server-side, so the same photo landed in the gallery two or three
times and was charged against the guest's storage quota each time.

The client already has a stable per-queue-item UUID, so it costs nothing to send.
Migration 022 adds `client_upload_id` with a partial unique index — partial so the
NULLs of every pre-022 upload, and of any caller that doesn't send one, keep working
untouched.

Two paths, because there are two races:

- Sequential retry: a lookup before the transaction finds the stored row, deletes the
  re-sent bytes and replays the original response as 200. The body has necessarily
  already been streamed, since the key arrives as a multipart field — re-sending is the
  client's cost and is already paid by the time we see it. What must be prevented is a
  second ROW.
- Concurrent retry: two attempts in flight at once. `ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING` returns no
  row to the loser, which abandons its transaction (quota increment included) and
  replays the winner. Letting the unique index raise instead would only surface after
  the transaction had aborted, as an opaque error the caller would have to string-match.

The replay reads live state rather than assuming a fresh row: a reconnect can be
minutes later, by which time the derivatives may exist and the photo may have been
liked. Every read there fails soft — the upload is already safely stored, so a sparser
response is fine and failing the request is not.

Verified live: the same photo sent three times returns 201, 200, 200 with one id, one
row, and the quota charged exactly once.

Also in this file: the two image-header probes at admission now run on `spawn_blocking`.
Both open the file and run the codec's header parse synchronously, and `#[tokio::main]`
gives two worker threads on a 2-vCPU box — so every upload stalled half the runtime's
request-serving capacity. Everything else that blocks here (image encode, bcrypt) was
already offloaded; this was the one that wasn't.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-03 18:35:05 +02:00

1255 lines
52 KiB
Rust

use std::time::Duration;
use axum::Json;
use axum::extract::{Multipart, Path, State};
use axum::http::StatusCode;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use serde::Deserialize;
use uuid::Uuid;
use crate::auth::middleware::AuthUser;
use crate::error::AppError;
use crate::models::hashtag::{self, Hashtag};
use crate::models::upload::{Upload, UploadDto};
use crate::models::user::User;
use crate::services::config;
use crate::state::AppState;
const MAX_CAPTION_LENGTH: usize = 2000;
/// Allowlist of accepted media types, keyed by the MIME that `infer` derives from
/// the file's magic bytes. The detected MIME (not the client-declared one) is what
/// we trust, store, and hand to the compression pipeline — so a text-based payload
/// (SVG/HTML/JS) can never be stored or served on-origin. Each entry maps to the
/// server-controlled file extension we persist the original under.
///
/// HEIC/HEIF are deliberately excluded: the preview pipeline (`image` crate, and
/// the bundled ffmpeg 6.1) cannot decode them, so accepting them would store files
/// that never get a thumbnail. iOS Safari already transcodes HEIC→JPEG when a photo
/// is selected via a file input, so this rejects only the rare HEIC-preserving
/// upload path — with a clear error rather than a silently broken post.
const ALLOWED_MEDIA: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
("image/jpeg", "jpg"),
("image/png", "png"),
("image/webp", "webp"),
("image/gif", "gif"),
("video/mp4", "mp4"),
("video/quicktime", "mov"),
("video/webm", "webm"),
];
pub async fn upload(
State(state): State<AppState>,
auth: AuthUser,
mut multipart: Multipart,
) -> Result<(StatusCode, Json<UploadDto>), AppError> {
// Rate limit: N uploads per hour per user. Gated by master + per-endpoint toggles.
let rate_limits_on = config::get_bool(&state.config_cache, "rate_limits_enabled", true).await;
let upload_rate_on = config::get_bool(&state.config_cache, "upload_rate_enabled", true).await;
if rate_limits_on && upload_rate_on {
let upload_rate =
config::get_i64(&state.config_cache, "upload_rate_per_hour", 100).await as usize;
if let Err(retry_after_secs) = state.rate_limiter.check_with_retry(
format!("upload:{}", auth.user_id),
upload_rate,
Duration::from_secs(3600),
) {
drain_multipart(multipart).await;
return Err(AppError::TooManyRequests(
"Du hast dein Upload-Limit für diese Stunde erreicht.".into(),
Some(retry_after_secs),
));
}
}
// Check if user is banned
let user = User::find_by_id(&state.pool, auth.user_id)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Benutzer nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
if user.is_banned {
drain_multipart(multipart).await;
return Err(AppError::Forbidden("Du bist gesperrt.".into()));
}
// Check if uploads are locked
let event = crate::models::event::Event::find_by_slug(&state.pool, &state.config.event_slug)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Event nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
if event.uploads_locked_at.is_some() {
drain_multipart(multipart).await;
// Reversible: a host can reopen the event, so the client keeps the queued blob and
// retries on `event-opened` rather than purging it (UploadsLocked, not Forbidden).
return Err(AppError::UploadsLocked("Uploads sind gesperrt.".into()));
}
// Belt-and-suspenders on top of the lock (release ⇒ lock): once the gallery is
// released the export has been snapshotted, so a late upload could never make it into
// the keepsake. Reject it explicitly rather than silently diverging the live feed.
// Also reversible (reopen clears `export_released_at`), so likewise UploadsLocked.
if event.export_released_at.is_some() {
drain_multipart(multipart).await;
return Err(AppError::UploadsLocked(
"Galerie wurde bereits freigegeben.".into(),
));
}
// Read config limits from DB
let max_image_mb: i64 = config::get_i64(&state.config_cache, "max_image_size_mb", 20).await;
let max_video_mb: i64 = config::get_i64(&state.config_cache, "max_video_size_mb", 500).await;
// The uploaded file is streamed straight to a temp file on disk (never buffered
// whole in memory — a 500 MB video used to cost 500 MB of RAM per concurrent
// upload). We only keep the first ≤512 bytes in memory for magic-byte sniffing.
// On success the temp file is renamed into place under its detected extension.
let upload_id = Uuid::new_v4();
let event_slug = &state.config.event_slug;
let originals_dir = state
.config
.media_path
.join(format!("originals/{event_slug}"));
let temp_abs = originals_dir.join(format!("{upload_id}.tmp"));
let mut streamed: Option<(i64, Vec<u8>)> = None; // (size, head bytes for sniffing)
let mut caption: Option<String> = None;
let mut hashtags_csv: Option<String> = None;
// The client's idempotency key. Optional: an older client, or any other caller, simply
// doesn't send one and gets the previous behaviour.
let mut client_upload_id: Option<Uuid> = None;
// Wrap the multipart read so any error after the temp file is created still cleans
// it up (a mid-stream parse failure must not leave a stray `.tmp` on disk).
let parse_result: Result<(), AppError> = async {
while let Some(field) = multipart
.next_field()
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::BadRequest(e.to_string()))?
{
let name = field.name().unwrap_or_default().to_string();
match name.as_str() {
"file" => {
// The client-declared Content-Type does NOT determine the stored
// MIME/extension — those come from the file's magic bytes below. The
// declared type only picks the streaming cap so an oversized body is
// aborted early; a mislabelled type only makes the cap *stricter*
// (safe), and the authoritative per-class check still runs on the
// detected type.
let declared = field.content_type().unwrap_or("").to_string();
let cap_bytes = if declared.starts_with("video/") {
(max_video_mb * 1024 * 1024) as usize
} else if declared.starts_with("image/") {
(max_image_mb * 1024 * 1024) as usize
} else {
(max_image_mb.max(max_video_mb) * 1024 * 1024) as usize
};
tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&originals_dir)
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into()))?;
streamed = Some(stream_field_to_file(field, &temp_abs, cap_bytes).await?);
}
"caption" => {
caption = Some(
field
.text()
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::BadRequest(e.to_string()))?,
);
}
"hashtags" => {
hashtags_csv = Some(
field
.text()
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::BadRequest(e.to_string()))?,
);
}
"client_upload_id" => {
let raw = field
.text()
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::BadRequest(e.to_string()))?;
// A malformed key is not worth rejecting an upload over — the photo is the
// thing the guest cares about. Drop the key and lose only the retry
// protection, which is exactly where we were before it existed.
client_upload_id = Uuid::parse_str(raw.trim()).ok();
}
_ => {}
}
}
Ok(())
}
.await;
if let Err(e) = parse_result {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
return Err(e);
}
// Idempotency, fast path: this key already has a live upload, so the previous attempt DID
// succeed and only its response was lost. Replay that response instead of storing the photo
// a second time and charging the guest's quota twice.
//
// The body has necessarily already been streamed to disk — the key arrives as a multipart
// field, so it cannot be known before the body is read. Re-sending the bytes is the client's
// cost and it has already been paid by the time we get here; what has to be prevented is a
// second ROW, and that is what this does. The concurrent case (two retries in flight at once)
// is caught by the unique index inside the transaction below.
if let Some(cid) = client_upload_id
&& let Some(existing) = Upload::find_by_client_upload_id(&state.pool, auth.user_id, cid)
.await
.map_err(AppError::from)?
{
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
tracing::info!(
client_upload_id = %cid, upload_id = %existing.id,
"duplicate upload suppressed; replaying the original response"
);
let dto = replay_upload_dto(&state, &existing, &user.display_name).await;
return Ok((StatusCode::OK, Json(dto)));
}
// From here on the temp file may exist; every validation failure removes it before
// returning so a rejected upload never leaves bytes behind.
let (size, head) = match streamed {
Some(s) => s,
None => return Err(AppError::BadRequest("Keine Datei hochgeladen.".into())),
};
// Validate caption length. Counted in chars (code points) to match the
// "Zeichen" wording in the error message — `.len()` would be bytes and
// reject perfectly valid German/emoji captions early.
if let Some(ref cap) = caption
&& cap.chars().count() > MAX_CAPTION_LENGTH
{
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
"Beschreibung ist zu lang. Maximum: {} Zeichen.",
MAX_CAPTION_LENGTH
)));
}
// Determine the file type from its magic bytes and require it to be on the
// allowlist. `infer` returns None for text-based payloads (SVG/HTML/JS), so
// those are rejected outright — closing the stored-XSS vector. Both the MIME
// we persist and the on-disk extension come from the detected type, never from
// client-supplied values.
let kind = match infer::get(&head) {
Some(k) => k,
None => {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
return Err(AppError::BadRequest(
"Dateityp nicht erkannt oder nicht unterstützt.".into(),
));
}
};
let (mime, ext) = match ALLOWED_MEDIA
.iter()
.find(|(allowed, _)| *allowed == kind.mime_type())
.map(|(m, e)| ((*m).to_string(), *e))
{
Some(v) => v,
None => {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
"Dateityp wird nicht unterstützt: {}.",
kind.mime_type()
)));
}
};
// Validate file size against the authoritative per-detected-class limit.
let max_bytes = if mime.starts_with("video/") {
max_video_mb * 1024 * 1024
} else {
max_image_mb * 1024 * 1024
};
if size > max_bytes {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
"Datei ist zu groß. Maximum: {} MB.",
max_bytes / (1024 * 1024)
)));
}
// Images only: refuse anything the compression worker could never decode, reading just
// the header. Without this the upload is accepted with a 201 and then silently
// soft-deleted minutes later when the worker gives up — the guest sees the photo
// vanish with, at best, a vague "could not be processed". Rejecting here gives them a
// reason at the door that they can act on, and it uses the SAME budget the worker
// enforces, so admission and processing cannot disagree.
//
// Both probes open the file and run the codec's header parse — synchronous filesystem and
// CPU work. They ran inline on the async task, which on this 2-vCPU box means tokio has
// exactly two worker threads and every upload stalled half the runtime's request-serving
// capacity. Everything else in the app that blocks (image encode, bcrypt) is already on the
// blocking pool; this was the one that wasn't.
if mime.starts_with("image/") {
let probe_path = temp_abs.clone();
let probe = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
let over = crate::services::imaging::exceeds_decode_budget(&probe_path);
// Only pay for the second header read when it will actually be shown to the guest.
let mp = over
.then(|| crate::services::imaging::megapixels(&probe_path))
.flatten();
(over, mp)
})
.await;
// A join error is the blocking pool panicking or shutting down. That says nothing about
// the image, so admit it and let the compression worker be the judge rather than
// rejecting a photo for an infrastructure reason.
let (over_budget, mp) = probe.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
tracing::warn!(error = ?e, "decode-budget probe failed to run; admitting the upload");
(false, None)
});
if over_budget {
tracing::info!(
%mime, megapixels = ?mp,
"rejecting an image that exceeds the decode budget at admission"
);
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
let detail = mp.map_or(String::new(), |mp| format!(" (ca. {mp:.0} Megapixel)"));
return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
"Bild hat zu viele Bildpunkte{detail} und kann nicht verarbeitet werden. \
Bitte verkleinere es und lade es erneut hoch."
)));
}
}
// Per-user storage quota — dynamic formula based on available disk space and the
// number of active uploaders. Gated by master + per-area toggles so the admin can
// disable it on trusted instances.
let quota_on = config::get_bool(&state.config_cache, "quota_enabled", true).await;
let storage_quota_on =
config::get_bool(&state.config_cache, "storage_quota_enabled", true).await;
// When quota is enforced, this holds the byte ceiling so the increment UPDATE below can
// enforce it atomically (`WHERE total + size <= limit`). Without that guard, two
// concurrent uploads from the same user (e.g. phone + laptop) both pass this stale
// pre-check and both increment, blowing past the quota. The pre-check stays as a
// fast path that avoids the disk write when the user is already clearly over.
let mut quota_limit: Option<i64> = None;
if quota_on && storage_quota_on {
let estimate = compute_storage_quota(&state).await;
if let Some(limit) = estimate.limit_bytes {
quota_limit = Some(limit);
let prospective_total = user.total_upload_bytes.saturating_add(size);
if prospective_total > limit {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&temp_abs).await;
return Err(AppError::QuotaExceeded(
// Name the remedy, because the guest cannot see the number. Every quota
// display is staff-gated by design, so a guest hitting this had no idea what
// the limit was, how close they were, or what to do — and the one sentence
// that tells them ("delete older posts") lived inside the staff-only block.
"Du hast dein Upload-Limit für dieses Event erreicht. Lösche ältere eigene \
Beiträge, um wieder Platz zu schaffen."
.into(),
));
}
}
}
// All checks passed — atomically move the temp file to its final, extension-correct
// path (same directory, so the rename is cheap and atomic).
let relative_path = format!("originals/{event_slug}/{upload_id}.{ext}");
let absolute_path = state.config.media_path.join(&relative_path);
tokio::fs::rename(&temp_abs, &absolute_path)
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into()))?;
// Process hashtags from caption and explicit CSV
let mut tags: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
if let Some(ref cap) = caption {
tags.extend(hashtag::extract_hashtags(cap));
}
if let Some(ref csv) = hashtags_csv {
for tag in csv.split(',') {
let t = tag.trim().trim_start_matches('#').to_lowercase();
if !t.is_empty() {
tags.push(t);
}
}
}
tags.sort();
tags.dedup();
// Quota accounting, the upload row, and its hashtag links must be atomic: a
// crash between the bytes increment and the insert would permanently charge
// bytes with no row to reclaim them (silent quota erosion / spurious lockout).
let tx_result: Result<Upload, AppError> = async {
let mut tx = state.pool.begin().await?;
// RE-CHECK THE LOCK, UNDER A ROW LOCK, INSIDE THE COMMIT TX.
//
// The pre-flight check at the top of this handler ran BEFORE we streamed the body — which
// for a 500 MB video is minutes. Trusting it here is a TOCTOU that silently loses photos
// from the keepsake, and it is the real cause of the "stale keepsake" bug that survived
// three rounds of fixes inside the export state machine:
//
// 1. guest starts a big upload; the lock check passes (event open)
// 2. host releases the gallery → uploads lock, export workers snapshot the uploads table
// 3. this upload commits AFTER that snapshot → it shows up in the live feed but is
// MISSING from the downloaded keepsake, permanently (nothing ever regenerates it)
//
// `FOR SHARE` conflicts with the `UPDATE event` in `release_gallery`, which serializes us
// against it. Either we take the lock first — and release (hence the export snapshot) is
// strictly ordered after our commit, so the snapshot CONTAINS this upload — or release
// commits first and we observe the lock here and reject. Either way the keepsake is
// complete. `UploadsLocked` (not Forbidden) is reversible: the client keeps the blob and
// resumes it when the host reopens.
let (locked_at, released_at): (Option<DateTime<Utc>>, Option<DateTime<Utc>>) =
sqlx::query_as(
"SELECT uploads_locked_at, export_released_at FROM event WHERE id = $1 FOR SHARE",
)
.bind(auth.event_id)
.fetch_one(&mut *tx)
.await?;
if locked_at.is_some() || released_at.is_some() {
return Err(AppError::UploadsLocked("Uploads sind gesperrt.".into()));
}
// Increment the user's byte total. When a quota is in force, guard it atomically
// (`total + size <= limit`) so two concurrent uploads can't both slip past the
// stale pre-check — the loser's UPDATE matches 0 rows and we abort with the same
// terminal quota error (the tx rolls back on drop; the on-disk file is cleaned by
// the error path below).
let inc = if let Some(limit) = quota_limit {
sqlx::query(
"UPDATE \"user\" SET total_upload_bytes = total_upload_bytes + $2
WHERE id = $1 AND total_upload_bytes + $2 <= $3",
)
.bind(auth.user_id)
.bind(size)
.bind(limit)
.execute(&mut *tx)
.await?
} else {
sqlx::query(
"UPDATE \"user\" SET total_upload_bytes = total_upload_bytes + $2 WHERE id = $1",
)
.bind(auth.user_id)
.bind(size)
.execute(&mut *tx)
.await?
};
if inc.rows_affected() == 0 {
return Err(AppError::QuotaExceeded(
// Name the remedy, because the guest cannot see the number. Every quota
// display is staff-gated by design, so a guest hitting this had no idea what
// the limit was, how close they were, or what to do — and the one sentence
// that tells them ("delete older posts") lived inside the staff-only block.
"Du hast dein Upload-Limit für dieses Event erreicht. Lösche ältere eigene \
Beiträge, um wieder Platz zu schaffen."
.into(),
));
}
// `None` means a concurrent request already stored this key. The transaction — quota
// increment included — is abandoned by returning here, and the caller replays the winning
// row. This is the narrow race the fast path above cannot see: two retries of the same
// photo in flight at the same moment.
let Some(upload) = Upload::create(
&mut *tx,
auth.event_id,
auth.user_id,
&relative_path,
&mime,
size,
caption.as_deref(),
client_upload_id,
)
.await?
else {
return Err(AppError::Conflict(DUPLICATE_UPLOAD_MARKER.into()));
};
for tag in &tags {
let h = Hashtag::upsert(&mut *tx, auth.event_id, tag).await?;
Hashtag::link_to_upload(&mut *tx, upload.id, h.id).await?;
}
tx.commit().await?;
Ok(upload)
}
.await;
// The file is already on disk at `absolute_path`. If the transaction failed, no DB
// row will ever reference it, so remove it now rather than orphan bytes on disk.
let upload = match tx_result {
Ok(u) => u,
// The concurrent duplicate resolved inside the transaction. The winner's row is committed;
// answer with it so both retries of the same photo get the same successful reply.
Err(AppError::Conflict(ref marker)) if marker == DUPLICATE_UPLOAD_MARKER => {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&absolute_path).await;
let existing = match client_upload_id {
Some(cid) => Upload::find_by_client_upload_id(&state.pool, auth.user_id, cid)
.await
.map_err(AppError::from)?,
None => None,
};
// If the winning row has vanished between the conflict and this lookup (deleted in
// the intervening milliseconds), there is nothing to replay — report the conflict.
let existing = existing.ok_or_else(|| {
AppError::Conflict("Dieser Upload wurde bereits verarbeitet.".into())
})?;
tracing::info!(
upload_id = %existing.id,
"concurrent duplicate upload resolved; replaying the stored row"
);
let dto = replay_upload_dto(&state, &existing, &user.display_name).await;
return Ok((StatusCode::OK, Json(dto)));
}
Err(e) => {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(&absolute_path).await;
return Err(e);
}
};
// Spawn compression task
state
.compression
.process(upload.id, relative_path, mime.clone());
// Broadcast SSE event
let dto = UploadDto {
id: upload.id,
user_id: auth.user_id,
uploader_name: user.display_name,
preview_url: None,
thumbnail_url: None,
mime_type: mime,
caption,
hashtags: tags,
like_count: 0,
comment_count: 0,
liked_by_me: false,
created_at: upload.created_at,
};
let _ = state.sse_tx.send(crate::state::SseEvent::new(
"new-upload",
serde_json::to_string(&dto).unwrap_or_default(),
));
Ok((StatusCode::CREATED, Json(dto)))
}
#[derive(Deserialize)]
pub struct EditUploadRequest {
pub caption: Option<String>,
pub hashtags: Option<Vec<String>>,
}
pub async fn edit_upload(
State(state): State<AppState>,
auth: AuthUser,
Path(upload_id): Path<Uuid>,
Json(body): Json<EditUploadRequest>,
) -> Result<StatusCode, AppError> {
// Banned users keep read access but cannot mutate (USER_JOURNEYS §10).
if auth.is_banned {
return Err(AppError::Forbidden("Du bist gesperrt.".into()));
}
let upload = Upload::find_by_id_and_event(&state.pool, upload_id, auth.event_id)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Upload nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
if upload.user_id != auth.user_id {
return Err(AppError::Forbidden("Nur eigene Uploads bearbeiten.".into()));
}
// Caption update + hashtag wipe-then-relink in one transaction, so a crash
// mid-relink can't leave the upload with its hashtags stripped.
//
// Editing is intentionally allowed while uploads are locked or the gallery is released — like
// comments and likes, the lock freezes *new uploads* only (USER_JOURNEYS §9.3). But a caption
// is embedded in the HTML viewer keepsake (the ZIP holds media only — see export.rs), so an
// edit AFTER release must regenerate the viewer, or the downloadable keepsake keeps showing the
// old caption forever while the live feed shows the new one. Same atomicity as delete_upload:
// the edit and its invalidation share one tx so a dropped handler can't leave them disagreeing.
// `Affects::ViewerOnly` carries the finished ZIP forward (the media didn't change); when the
// gallery isn't released, `invalidate_and_arm` returns None and this is a no-op.
let mut tx = state.pool.begin().await?;
if let Some(ref caption) = body.caption {
Upload::update_caption(&mut *tx, upload_id, Some(caption)).await?;
}
if let Some(ref hashtags) = body.hashtags {
Hashtag::unlink_all_from_upload(&mut *tx, upload_id).await?;
// Sort + dedup before upserting, exactly as the upload path does. `Hashtag::upsert`
// takes row locks, so two transactions touching the same two tags in OPPOSITE order
// deadlock; Postgres aborts one after ~1s and the guest gets a 500. Here the order is
// whatever the client sent, so it is genuinely attacker-free but genuinely unordered.
// Sort on the NORMALISED form — that is the key `upsert` actually locks on.
let mut tags: Vec<&String> = hashtags.iter().collect();
tags.sort_by_key(|t| t.trim().trim_start_matches('#').to_lowercase());
tags.dedup_by_key(|t| t.trim().trim_start_matches('#').to_lowercase());
for tag in tags {
let h = Hashtag::upsert(&mut *tx, auth.event_id, tag).await?;
Hashtag::link_to_upload(&mut *tx, upload_id, h.id).await?;
}
}
let regen = crate::services::export::invalidate_and_arm(
&mut tx,
&state.config.event_slug,
crate::services::export::Affects::ViewerOnly,
)
.await?;
tx.commit().await?;
if let Some(r) = regen {
crate::handlers::host::start_regen(&state, r);
}
Ok(StatusCode::OK)
}
pub async fn delete_upload(
State(state): State<AppState>,
auth: AuthUser,
Path(upload_id): Path<Uuid>,
) -> Result<StatusCode, AppError> {
// Banned users keep read access but cannot mutate (USER_JOURNEYS §10).
if auth.is_banned {
return Err(AppError::Forbidden("Du bist gesperrt.".into()));
}
let upload = Upload::find_by_id_and_event(&state.pool, upload_id, auth.event_id)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Upload nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
if upload.user_id != auth.user_id {
return Err(AppError::Forbidden("Nur eigene Uploads löschen.".into()));
}
// Atomic with the keepsake invalidation: a guest removing their own photo must have it removed
// from the downloadable archive too, and a half-applied delete would leave it there forever.
let mut tx = state.pool.begin().await?;
Upload::soft_delete_in_event(&mut tx, upload_id, auth.event_id).await?;
let regen = crate::services::export::invalidate_and_arm(
&mut tx,
&state.config.event_slug,
crate::services::export::Affects::Both,
)
.await?;
tx.commit().await?;
if let Some(r) = regen {
crate::handlers::host::start_regen(&state, r);
}
// Evict the card live on every other feed + the projector diashow — otherwise
// a self-deleted post lingers until each viewer manually reloads. Same event
// the host-delete path already emits and the frontend already handles.
let _ = state.sse_tx.send(crate::state::SseEvent::new(
"upload-deleted",
serde_json::json!({ "upload_id": upload_id }).to_string(),
));
Ok(StatusCode::NO_CONTENT)
}
/// Number of leading bytes retained in memory for magic-byte (`infer`) sniffing. Every
/// allowed type's signature sits well within this; 512 is comfortably generous.
const HEAD_SNIFF_BYTES: usize = 512;
/// Stream a multipart field straight to `dest`, aborting with a 400 the moment it
/// exceeds `max_bytes`. Only the first [`HEAD_SNIFF_BYTES`] bytes are kept in memory
/// (for type detection); the rest goes chunk-by-chunk to disk, so peak memory is a
/// single chunk rather than the whole file. Returns `(total_size, head_bytes)`. On any
/// error the partial temp file is removed so no stray `.tmp` is left behind.
async fn stream_field_to_file(
mut field: axum::extract::multipart::Field<'_>,
dest: &std::path::Path,
max_bytes: usize,
) -> Result<(i64, Vec<u8>), AppError> {
use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
let mut file = tokio::fs::File::create(dest)
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into()))?;
let mut total: usize = 0;
let mut head: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(HEAD_SNIFF_BYTES);
loop {
let chunk = match field.chunk().await {
Ok(Some(c)) => c,
Ok(None) => break,
Err(e) => {
let _ = file.shutdown().await;
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(dest).await;
return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
"Datei konnte nicht gelesen werden: {e}"
)));
}
};
total = total.saturating_add(chunk.len());
if total > max_bytes {
let _ = file.shutdown().await;
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(dest).await;
return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
"Datei ist zu groß. Maximum: {} MB.",
max_bytes / (1024 * 1024)
)));
}
if head.len() < HEAD_SNIFF_BYTES {
let need = HEAD_SNIFF_BYTES - head.len();
head.extend_from_slice(&chunk[..need.min(chunk.len())]);
}
if let Err(e) = file.write_all(&chunk).await {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(dest).await;
return Err(AppError::Internal(e.into()));
}
}
if let Err(e) = file.flush().await {
let _ = tokio::fs::remove_file(dest).await;
return Err(AppError::Internal(e.into()));
}
Ok((total as i64, head))
}
/// Sentinel for the duplicate detected INSIDE the commit transaction. It never reaches a client:
/// the caller intercepts this exact `Conflict` and answers with the stored row. A marker rather
/// than a new `AppError` variant because the condition is local to this one handler and returning
/// early is the only way to abandon the transaction from inside the async block.
const DUPLICATE_UPLOAD_MARKER: &str = "__duplicate_client_upload_id__";
/// Rebuild the response for an upload that already exists, so a retry is answered exactly as the
/// original was.
///
/// Reads the live state rather than assuming a fresh row: by the time a retry arrives — a
/// reconnect can be minutes later — the derivatives may have been generated and the photo may
/// already have been liked, and a response claiming otherwise would be wrong in a way the client
/// has no way to detect.
///
/// Every read here fails soft. This is the success path of an upload that is already safely
/// stored; degrading to a sparser response is fine, failing the request is not.
async fn replay_upload_dto(state: &AppState, upload: &Upload, uploader_name: &str) -> UploadDto {
let hashtags: Vec<String> = sqlx::query_scalar(
"SELECT h.tag FROM upload_hashtag uh
JOIN hashtag h ON h.id = uh.hashtag_id
WHERE uh.upload_id = $1
ORDER BY h.tag",
)
.bind(upload.id)
.fetch_all(&state.pool)
.await
.unwrap_or_default();
let counts: Option<(i64, i64, bool)> = sqlx::query_as(
"SELECT v.like_count, v.comment_count,
EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM \"like\" l WHERE l.upload_id = v.id AND l.user_id = $2)
FROM v_feed v WHERE v.id = $1",
)
.bind(upload.id)
.bind(upload.user_id)
.fetch_optional(&state.pool)
.await
.ok()
.flatten();
let (like_count, comment_count, liked_by_me) = counts.unwrap_or((0, 0, false));
UploadDto {
id: upload.id,
user_id: upload.user_id,
uploader_name: uploader_name.to_string(),
preview_url: upload
.preview_path
.as_ref()
.map(|_| format!("/api/v1/upload/{}/preview", upload.id)),
thumbnail_url: upload
.thumbnail_path
.as_ref()
.map(|_| format!("/api/v1/upload/{}/thumbnail", upload.id)),
mime_type: upload.mime_type.clone(),
caption: upload.caption.clone(),
hashtags,
like_count,
comment_count,
liked_by_me,
created_at: upload.created_at,
}
}
/// Drain a multipart body so the HTTP connection stays clean when returning an early error.
/// Without draining, the client may still be sending the body after we've sent our response,
/// which can corrupt the keep-alive connection for subsequent requests.
async fn drain_multipart(mut mp: Multipart) {
while let Ok(Some(mut field)) = mp.next_field().await {
while field.chunk().await.ok().flatten().is_some() {}
}
}
/// Snapshot of the dynamic per-user quota used both by the upload pre-check and the
/// `GET /me/quota` endpoint. `limit_bytes = None` means quota enforcement is currently
/// off (the frontend hides the widget in that case).
pub struct QuotaEstimate {
pub limit_bytes: Option<i64>,
pub active_uploaders: i64,
pub free_disk_bytes: i64,
/// The tolerance factor the limit above was computed with. Carried on the snapshot so the
/// number is self-describing; no caller reads it back today.
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub tolerance: f64,
}
/// Pure per-user quota formula: `floor((free_disk * tolerance) / max(active, 1))`.
/// Extracted from `compute_storage_quota` so it's unit-testable without a DB or disk.
fn quota_limit_bytes(free_disk: i64, tolerance: f64, active_uploaders: i64) -> i64 {
let active = active_uploaders.max(1);
((free_disk as f64 * tolerance) / active as f64).floor() as i64
}
/// Computes the per-user storage quota using
/// `floor((free_disk * tolerance) / max(active_uploaders, 1))`. Returns `limit_bytes =
/// None` whenever the storage quota is currently disabled — callers should skip the
/// check (upload handler) or hide the UI (quota endpoint).
pub async fn compute_storage_quota(state: &AppState) -> QuotaEstimate {
let quota_on = config::get_bool(&state.config_cache, "quota_enabled", true).await;
let storage_quota_on =
config::get_bool(&state.config_cache, "storage_quota_enabled", true).await;
let tolerance = config::get_f64(&state.config_cache, "quota_tolerance", 0.75).await;
let (active_count,): (i64,) =
sqlx::query_as("SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT user_id) FROM upload WHERE deleted_at IS NULL")
.fetch_one(&state.pool)
.await
.unwrap_or((0,));
let active = active_count.max(1);
// Cached disk reading. `None` means we couldn't resolve the media filesystem.
let disk = state.disk_cache.snapshot(&state.config.media_path);
let free_disk = disk.map(|d| d.free as i64).unwrap_or(0);
let limit_bytes = if quota_on && storage_quota_on {
match disk {
Some(d) => Some(quota_limit_bytes(d.free as i64, tolerance, active)),
// Fail OPEN, not closed: if the disk can't be read we don't know the real
// free space, and enforcing a 0-byte limit would reject every upload with a
// spurious "quota reached". Skip enforcement this round and warn instead.
None => {
tracing::warn!(
"disk snapshot unavailable; skipping storage-quota enforcement this round"
);
None
}
}
} else {
None
};
QuotaEstimate {
limit_bytes,
active_uploaders: active,
free_disk_bytes: free_disk,
tolerance,
}
}
/// Outcome of parsing a `Range` request header against a known file length.
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum RangeSpec {
/// No `Range` header, or one we deliberately don't honour (multi-range, non-`bytes`
/// unit, malformed). RFC 9110 lets a server ignore a Range it can't process and reply
/// 200 with the full body, which is what every one of these cases does.
Full,
/// A single satisfiable range, resolved to inclusive absolute offsets.
Partial { start: u64, end: u64 },
/// Syntactically valid but starts beyond EOF — must be answered 416, not 200, or a
/// player can loop re-requesting it.
Unsatisfiable,
}
/// Parse a single-range `bytes=` header against `len`.
///
/// Deliberately supports only the three forms a media element actually sends —
/// `bytes=N-`, `bytes=N-M`, `bytes=-S` (suffix) — and treats everything else as `Full`.
/// Multi-range responses need `multipart/byteranges`, which no `<video>` requires.
fn parse_range(header: Option<&str>, len: u64) -> RangeSpec {
let Some(raw) = header else {
return RangeSpec::Full;
};
let Some(spec) = raw.trim().strip_prefix("bytes=") else {
return RangeSpec::Full;
};
// Multi-range → fall back to the whole body rather than lie about the content.
if spec.contains(',') {
return RangeSpec::Full;
}
let Some((from, to)) = spec.split_once('-') else {
return RangeSpec::Full;
};
let (from, to) = (from.trim(), to.trim());
// A zero-length file can satisfy no range at all.
if len == 0 {
return if from.is_empty() && to.is_empty() {
RangeSpec::Full
} else {
RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable
};
}
let (start, end) = if from.is_empty() {
// Suffix form: the last `to` bytes.
let Ok(suffix) = to.parse::<u64>() else {
return RangeSpec::Full;
};
if suffix == 0 {
return RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable;
}
(len.saturating_sub(suffix), len - 1)
} else {
let Ok(start) = from.parse::<u64>() else {
return RangeSpec::Full;
};
let end = if to.is_empty() {
len - 1
} else {
match to.parse::<u64>() {
// An end past EOF is clamped, not rejected (RFC 9110 §14.1.1).
Ok(end) => end.min(len - 1),
Err(_) => return RangeSpec::Full,
}
};
(start, end)
};
if start >= len || start > end {
RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable
} else {
RangeSpec::Partial { start, end }
}
}
/// Stream a media file from disk into an HTTP response with a fixed set of security
/// headers. Every media response (original, preview, display, thumbnail) goes through here
/// so they consistently carry `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff` (defense-in-depth against
/// content-type confusion, even if the edge proxy is bypassed) plus an explicit
/// `Content-Disposition` and `Cache-Control`.
///
/// Honours a single `Range`. This is not an optimisation: iOS Safari opens every `<video>`
/// with a `Range: bytes=0-1` probe and abandons the load unless it gets a `206` with a
/// `Content-Range`. Without this, video is unplayable on the app's primary platform no
/// matter what `src` the element is given. `Accept-Ranges: bytes` is advertised on every
/// response so clients know seeking is available before they ask.
async fn stream_media_file(
req_headers: &axum::http::HeaderMap,
absolute: &std::path::Path,
content_type: String,
disposition: &str,
cache_control: &str,
) -> Result<axum::response::Response, AppError> {
use axum::body::Body;
use axum::http::{Response, StatusCode, header};
use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncSeekExt};
use tokio_util::io::ReaderStream;
if !absolute.exists() {
return Err(AppError::NotFound("Datei nicht gefunden.".into()));
}
let mut file = tokio::fs::File::open(absolute)
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into()))?;
let len = file
.metadata()
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into()))?
.len();
let range = parse_range(
req_headers.get(header::RANGE).and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok()),
len,
);
let base = |status: StatusCode| {
Response::builder()
.status(status)
.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, content_type.clone())
.header(header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION, disposition)
.header(header::CACHE_CONTROL, cache_control)
.header(header::X_CONTENT_TYPE_OPTIONS, "nosniff")
.header(header::ACCEPT_RANGES, "bytes")
};
match range {
RangeSpec::Full => base(StatusCode::OK)
.header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, len)
.body(Body::from_stream(ReaderStream::new(file)))
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into())),
RangeSpec::Partial { start, end } => {
file.seek(std::io::SeekFrom::Start(start))
.await
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into()))?;
let span = end - start + 1;
base(StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT)
.header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, span)
.header(header::CONTENT_RANGE, format!("bytes {start}-{end}/{len}"))
.body(Body::from_stream(ReaderStream::new(file.take(span))))
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into()))
}
RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable => base(StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE)
.header(header::CONTENT_RANGE, format!("bytes */{len}"))
.body(Body::empty())
.map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(e.into())),
}
}
/// Streaming download of the original file behind an upload. Used by:
/// - the per-post "Original anzeigen" context action (`window.open`)
/// - `<img src>` / `<video src>` in the feed, lightbox, and diashow when the user is in
/// Data Mode = Original
///
/// **Auth model:** the route is intentionally unauthenticated so it works from
/// `<img src>` / `window.open`. The URL contains the upload's unguessable UUID. Unlike
/// raw `/media` files, this alias is the *only* way to fetch an original: direct
/// `/media/originals/**` access is blocked in the router, and this handler filters out
/// soft-deleted and ban-hidden uploads (via `find_visible_media`) so moderation actually
/// removes access to content. Preview and thumbnail variants are gated the same way (see
/// [`get_preview`] / [`get_thumbnail`]).
pub async fn get_original(
State(state): State<AppState>,
headers: axum::http::HeaderMap,
Path(upload_id): Path<Uuid>,
) -> Result<axum::response::Response, AppError> {
let media = Upload::find_visible_media(&state.pool, upload_id)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Upload nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
let absolute = state.config.media_path.join(&media.original_path);
let filename = absolute
.file_name()
.and_then(|n| n.to_str())
.unwrap_or("original");
// `inline`, not `attachment`. This route is the only source of playable video bytes
// (there is no video derivative), and an attachment disposition is hostile to a
// `<video>` element — Safari in particular. It also matches what the UI promises:
// the action is labelled "Original anzeigen", i.e. view, not download.
let disposition = format!("inline; filename=\"{filename}\"");
// Full-res original: never cache at the edge, so a takedown revokes access promptly.
// Range requests still work under no-store; the client simply re-fetches each range.
stream_media_file(
&headers,
&absolute,
media.mime_type,
&disposition,
"no-store",
)
.await
}
/// Streaming access to an upload's compressed **preview** image. Gated exactly like
/// [`get_original`]: `find_visible_media` drops soft-deleted / ban-hidden uploads, so a
/// deleted or moderated post's preview 404s here even though the file may still be on
/// disk. Direct `/media/previews/**` is blocked in the router, making this the only path
/// to a preview.
///
/// Served inline (it's an `<img src>`) and privately cacheable for a short window. The
/// window is intentionally short (5 min) so a moderated image stops being served to a
/// direct-URL holder promptly; the live feed already evicts the card instantly via the
/// `upload-deleted` / `user-hidden` SSE events, so this only bounds the raw-URL edge case.
pub async fn get_preview(
State(state): State<AppState>,
headers: axum::http::HeaderMap,
Path(upload_id): Path<Uuid>,
) -> Result<axum::response::Response, AppError> {
let media = Upload::find_visible_media(&state.pool, upload_id)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Upload nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
let rel = media
.preview_path
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Vorschau nicht verfügbar.".into()))?;
let absolute = state.config.media_path.join(&rel);
stream_media_file(
&headers,
&absolute,
"image/jpeg".to_string(),
"inline",
"private, max-age=300",
)
.await
}
/// Streaming access to an upload's big-screen **display** derivative (~2048px), used by the
/// diashow. Gated identically to [`get_preview`]. 404s when the derivative doesn't exist yet
/// (still compressing, or an old upload the backfill hasn't reached) — the diashow then falls
/// back to the original.
pub async fn get_display(
State(state): State<AppState>,
headers: axum::http::HeaderMap,
Path(upload_id): Path<Uuid>,
) -> Result<axum::response::Response, AppError> {
let media = Upload::find_visible_media(&state.pool, upload_id)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Upload nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
let rel = media
.display_path
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Anzeige nicht verfügbar.".into()))?;
let absolute = state.config.media_path.join(&rel);
stream_media_file(
&headers,
&absolute,
"image/jpeg".to_string(),
"inline",
"private, max-age=300",
)
.await
}
/// Streaming access to an upload's **thumbnail** (video poster). Gated identically to
/// [`get_preview`].
pub async fn get_thumbnail(
State(state): State<AppState>,
headers: axum::http::HeaderMap,
Path(upload_id): Path<Uuid>,
) -> Result<axum::response::Response, AppError> {
let media = Upload::find_visible_media(&state.pool, upload_id)
.await?
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Upload nicht gefunden.".into()))?;
let rel = media
.thumbnail_path
.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("Thumbnail nicht verfügbar.".into()))?;
let absolute = state.config.media_path.join(&rel);
stream_media_file(
&headers,
&absolute,
"image/jpeg".to_string(),
"inline",
"private, max-age=300",
)
.await
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::{RangeSpec, parse_range, quota_limit_bytes};
// `Range` handling exists because iOS Safari probes every `<video>` with
// `Range: bytes=0-1` and abandons the load without a 206. These pin the forms a
// media element actually sends, plus the edges that decide 206 vs 200 vs 416.
#[test]
fn no_range_header_is_a_full_response() {
assert_eq!(parse_range(None, 100), RangeSpec::Full);
}
#[test]
fn open_ended_range_runs_to_eof() {
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=10-"), 100),
RangeSpec::Partial { start: 10, end: 99 }
);
}
#[test]
fn closed_range_is_inclusive_on_both_ends() {
// The iOS probe. Two bytes, 0 and 1 — an exclusive end would return one.
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=0-1"), 100),
RangeSpec::Partial { start: 0, end: 1 }
);
}
#[test]
fn suffix_range_returns_the_last_n_bytes() {
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=-20"), 100),
RangeSpec::Partial { start: 80, end: 99 }
);
}
#[test]
fn suffix_longer_than_the_file_clamps_to_the_whole_file() {
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=-500"), 100),
RangeSpec::Partial { start: 0, end: 99 }
);
}
#[test]
fn end_past_eof_is_clamped_not_rejected() {
// RFC 9110 §14.1.1 — players routinely ask for more than is there.
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=90-999"), 100),
RangeSpec::Partial { start: 90, end: 99 }
);
}
#[test]
fn start_past_eof_is_416_not_a_full_body() {
// Answering 200 here makes a player re-request forever.
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=100-"), 100),
RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable
);
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=200-300"), 100),
RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable
);
}
#[test]
fn inverted_range_is_unsatisfiable() {
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=50-10"), 100),
RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable
);
}
#[test]
fn unsupported_or_malformed_forms_fall_back_to_the_full_body() {
// Ignoring a Range we can't process and sending 200 is explicitly allowed, and
// safer than guessing. Multi-range would need multipart/byteranges, which no
// <video> asks for.
for header in [
"bytes=0-10,20-30", // multi-range
"items=0-10", // non-bytes unit
"bytes=abc-def", // garbage
"bytes=", // empty spec
"nonsense", // no unit at all
] {
assert_eq!(parse_range(Some(header), 100), RangeSpec::Full, "{header}");
}
}
#[test]
fn last_byte_is_reachable() {
assert_eq!(
parse_range(Some("bytes=99-99"), 100),
RangeSpec::Partial { start: 99, end: 99 }
);
}
#[test]
fn empty_file_satisfies_no_range() {
assert_eq!(parse_range(Some("bytes=0-"), 0), RangeSpec::Unsatisfiable);
assert_eq!(parse_range(None, 0), RangeSpec::Full);
}
#[test]
fn divides_free_space_by_uploaders_with_tolerance() {
// 1000 * 0.75 / 3 = 250
assert_eq!(quota_limit_bytes(1000, 0.75, 3), 250);
}
#[test]
fn floors_fractional_results() {
// 1000 * 0.75 / 7 = 107.14… → 107
assert_eq!(quota_limit_bytes(1000, 0.75, 7), 107);
}
#[test]
fn active_uploaders_below_one_is_clamped_to_one() {
// Guards against divide-by-zero when no one has uploaded yet.
assert_eq!(quota_limit_bytes(1000, 1.0, 0), 1000);
assert_eq!(quota_limit_bytes(1000, 1.0, -5), 1000);
}
#[test]
fn zero_free_disk_yields_zero() {
assert_eq!(quota_limit_bytes(0, 0.75, 3), 0);
}
#[test]
fn full_tolerance_is_identity_for_a_single_uploader() {
assert_eq!(quota_limit_bytes(500, 1.0, 1), 500);
}
}