{ "consonants": [ { "jamo": "ㄱ", "roman": "g / k", "name": "기역", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㄲ", "roman": "kk", "name": "쌍기역", "tense": true }, { "jamo": "ㄴ", "roman": "n", "name": "니은", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㄷ", "roman": "d / t", "name": "디귿", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㄸ", "roman": "tt", "name": "쌍디귿", "tense": true }, { "jamo": "ㄹ", "roman": "r / l", "name": "리을", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅁ", "roman": "m", "name": "미음", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅂ", "roman": "b / p", "name": "비읍", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅃ", "roman": "pp", "name": "쌍비읍", "tense": true }, { "jamo": "ㅅ", "roman": "s", "name": "시옷", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅆ", "roman": "ss", "name": "쌍시옷", "tense": true }, { "jamo": "ㅇ", "roman": "— / ng", "name": "이응", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅈ", "roman": "j", "name": "지읒", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅉ", "roman": "jj", "name": "쌍지읒", "tense": true }, { "jamo": "ㅊ", "roman": "ch", "name": "치읓", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅋ", "roman": "k", "name": "키읔", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅌ", "roman": "t", "name": "티읕", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅍ", "roman": "p", "name": "피읖", "tense": false }, { "jamo": "ㅎ", "roman": "h", "name": "히읗", "tense": false } ], "vowels": [ { "jamo": "ㅏ", "roman": "a", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅑ", "roman": "ya", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅓ", "roman": "eo", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅕ", "roman": "yeo", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅗ", "roman": "o", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅛ", "roman": "yo", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅜ", "roman": "u", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅠ", "roman": "yu", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅡ", "roman": "eu", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅣ", "roman": "i", "kind": "basic" }, { "jamo": "ㅐ", "roman": "ae", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅒ", "roman": "yae", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅔ", "roman": "e", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅖ", "roman": "ye", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅘ", "roman": "wa", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅙ", "roman": "wae", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅚ", "roman": "oe", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅝ", "roman": "wo", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅞ", "roman": "we", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅟ", "roman": "wi", "kind": "compound" }, { "jamo": "ㅢ", "roman": "ui", "kind": "compound" } ], "batchim": [ { "sound": "ㄱ", "roman": "k", "writtenAs": "ㄱ ㅋ ㄲ ㄳ ㄺ" }, { "sound": "ㄴ", "roman": "n", "writtenAs": "ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ" }, { "sound": "ㄷ", "roman": "t", "writtenAs": "ㄷ ㅅ ㅆ ㅈ ㅊ ㅌ ㅎ" }, { "sound": "ㄹ", "roman": "l", "writtenAs": "ㄹ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㅀ" }, { "sound": "ㅁ", "roman": "m", "writtenAs": "ㅁ ㄻ" }, { "sound": "ㅂ", "roman": "p", "writtenAs": "ㅂ ㅍ ㅄ ㄿ" }, { "sound": "ㅇ", "roman": "ng", "writtenAs": "ㅇ" } ], "soundRules": [ { "n": "Liaison", "k": "연음", "p": "A batchim followed by a silent ㅇ slides across into the next block. This is why written Korean and spoken Korean look so different.", "a": "한국어", "b": "한구거", "r": "han-gu-geo" }, { "n": "Nasalisation", "k": "비음화", "p": "Before ㄴ or ㅁ, a stop batchim turns nasal: ㄱ→ㅇ, ㄷ→ㄴ, ㅂ→ㅁ.", "a": "감사합니다", "b": "감사함니다", "r": "gam-sa-ham-ni-da" }, { "n": "Lateralisation", "k": "유음화", "p": "ㄴ next to ㄹ, in either order, becomes ㄹㄹ.", "a": "신라", "b": "실라", "r": "sil-la" }, { "n": "Aspiration", "k": "격음화", "p": "ㅎ meeting ㄱ ㄷ ㅈ ㅂ fuses into the aspirated ㅋ ㅌ ㅊ ㅍ.", "a": "좋다", "b": "조타", "r": "jo-ta" }, { "n": "Tensification", "k": "경음화", "p": "After a ㄱ ㄷ ㅂ batchim, a following ㄱ ㄷ ㅂ ㅅ ㅈ tenses to ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ.", "a": "학교", "b": "학꾜", "r": "hak-kkyo" }, { "n": "Palatalisation", "k": "구개음화", "p": "A ㄷ or ㅌ batchim before 이 becomes 지 or 치.", "a": "같이", "b": "가치", "r": "ga-chi" }, { "n": "ㅎ dropping", "k": "ㅎ 탈락", "p": "ㅎ between vowels, or after ㄴ ㄹ ㅁ ㅇ, is simply not pronounced.", "a": "좋아요", "b": "조아요", "r": "jo-a-yo" } ], "soundPairs": [ { "written": "한국어", "spoken": "한구거", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "음악", "spoken": "으막", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "읽어", "spoken": "일거", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "앉아", "spoken": "안자", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "꽃이", "spoken": "꼬치", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "옷을", "spoken": "오슬", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "앞에", "spoken": "아페", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "낮에", "spoken": "나제", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "있어", "spoken": "이써", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "없어", "spoken": "업써", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "맛있어", "spoken": "마시써", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "끝났어", "spoken": "끈나써", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "감사합니다", "spoken": "감사함니다", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "입니다", "spoken": "임니다", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "십만", "spoken": "심만", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "국물", "spoken": "궁물", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "작년", "spoken": "장년", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "백만", "spoken": "뱅만", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "몇 명", "spoken": "면 명", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "독립", "spoken": "동닙", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "설날", "spoken": "설랄", "rule": "유음화" }, { "written": "신라", "spoken": "실라", "rule": "유음화" }, { "written": "좋다", "spoken": "조타", "rule": "격음화" }, { "written": "못해", "spoken": "모태", "rule": "격음화" }, { "written": "같아요", "spoken": "가타요", "rule": "연음" }, { "written": "학교", "spoken": "학꾜", "rule": "경음화" }, { "written": "할 수 있어", "spoken": "할 쑤 이써", "rule": "경음화" }, { "written": "밥 먹어", "spoken": "밤머거", "rule": "비음화" }, { "written": "같이", "spoken": "가치", "rule": "구개음화" }, { "written": "좋아요", "spoken": "조아요", "rule": "ㅎ 탈락" }, { "written": "싫어", "spoken": "시러", "rule": "ㅎ 탈락" }, { "written": "많이", "spoken": "마니", "rule": "ㅎ 탈락" }, { "written": "좋은", "spoken": "조은", "rule": "ㅎ 탈락" }, { "written": "넣어", "spoken": "너어", "rule": "ㅎ 탈락" } ] }