{ "version": 4, "note": "Each unit declares what it TEACHES (adds to the running inventory), what it must AVOID, and the only new WORDS it may introduce. Anything a later unit teaches is, by construction, forbidden now. | v4: 1.5 liaison examples made word-internal; sound-example fences added to 1.6-1.8; duplicate words moved from words[] into revisits[].", "phases": [ { "phase": 1, "ko": "한글", "name": "The writing system", "units": [ { "id": "1.1", "ko": "자음과 모음", "name": "Consonants & vowels", "goal": "The ten basic vowels and the plain consonants, and how one consonant plus one vowel makes a block. Reading blocks with NO final consonant only.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "the plain consonants ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅎ", "the ten basic vowels ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅗㅛㅜㅠㅡㅣ", "one block = one syllable, initial + vowel" ], "avoid": [ "any block with a final consonant", "compound vowels", "tense or aspirated consonants" ], "words": [ "나", "너", "우리", "이", "그", "저", "여기", "거기", "저기", "어디", "누구", "아이", "어머니", "아버지", "나무", "머리", "소리", "하나", "바다", "다리" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.2", "ko": "겹모음", "name": "Compound vowels", "goal": "The vowels built from two shapes: ㅐ ㅔ ㅒ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ. Still no final consonants.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "compound vowels ㅐㅔㅒㅖㅘㅙㅚㅝㅞㅟㅢ" ], "avoid": [ "any block with a final consonant", "tense or aspirated consonants" ], "words": [ "개", "새", "배", "네", "세", "의사", "회사", "뭐", "왜", "귀", "위", "돼지", "가위", "시계", "매미", "제비" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.3", "ko": "된소리와 거센소리", "name": "Tense & aspirated", "goal": "ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ against their plain partners, and ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅊ as the breathy versions. Hearing the three-way contrast ㄱ / ㅋ / ㄲ on the page.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "tense consonants ㄲㄸㅃㅆㅉ", "aspirated consonants ㅋㅌㅍㅊ", "the plain / aspirated / tense three-way contrast" ], "avoid": [ "any block with a final consonant" ], "words": [ "코", "차", "커피", "포도", "치마", "까치", "아빠", "오빠", "토끼", "꼬리", "찌개", "카페", "피자", "쿠키", "바쁘다" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.4", "ko": "받침", "name": "Batchim — final consonants", "goal": "A consonant sitting under the block, and the seven sounds every written final collapses to: ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅇ. SINGLE finals only, each word read on its own.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "a single final consonant under the block", "the seven representative final sounds", "that ㅅ ㅆ ㅈ ㅊ ㅌ ㅎ all sound as ㄷ at the end" ], "avoid": [ "double final consonants (겹받침)", "any word followed by a syllable starting with ㅇ, which would trigger liaison", "nasalisation before ㄴ or ㅁ", "ㅎ-irregular verbs" ], "words": [ "밥", "물", "책", "집", "손", "발", "눈", "입", "옷", "산", "강", "문", "방", "곰", "밤", "꽃", "앞", "낮", "밖", "말" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.5", "ko": "연음", "name": "Liaison — the slide", "goal": "THE single most important reading rule. When a final consonant is followed by a block starting with ㅇ (which carries no sound of its own), the final slides across and is pronounced as that block's initial. 한국어 is read 한구거.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "liaison 연음: a final consonant slides into a following ㅇ block", "that ㅇ at the start of a block is silent" ], "avoid": [ "double final consonants", "nasalisation", "tensification and aspiration rules", "particles — every example here is liaison inside a single word" ], "words": [ "한국어", "음악", "국어", "단어", "언어", "발음", "얼음", "직업", "금요일", "일요일", "목요일", "작은" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.6", "ko": "비음화", "name": "Nasalisation", "goal": "Before ㄴ or ㅁ, a stop final turns nasal: ㄱ becomes ㅇ, ㄷ becomes ㄴ, ㅂ becomes ㅁ. 감사합니다 is read 감사함니다 — which is why the polite endings never sound the way they are spelled.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "nasalisation 비음화 before ㄴ and ㅁ", "why -습니다 is heard as -슴니다" ], "avoid": [ "double final consonants", "tensification, aspiration, palatalisation", "do not analyse -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 or dictionary -다 as grammar here — they appear only as sound examples" ], "words": [ "감사합니다", "입니다", "학년", "국물", "십만", "작년", "몇 명", "습니다", "한국말", "꽃말" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.7", "ko": "겹받침", "name": "Double batchim", "goal": "Two consonants under one block. Only ONE of them is pronounced at the end of a word, and which one is largely per-word rather than fully rule-based — so these are learned as items. When a vowel follows, the second one slides across instead.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "double final consonants 겹받침", "which half is pronounced, per word", "a double final splitting under liaison: 읽어 → 일거" ], "avoid": [ "tensification, aspiration, palatalisation, ㅎ-dropping", "do not analyse -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 or dictionary -다 as grammar here — they appear only as sound examples" ], "words": [ "값", "닭", "여덟", "앉다", "읽다", "없다", "많다", "삶", "넓다", "짧다" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.8", "ko": "나머지 소리 변화", "name": "The remaining sound changes", "goal": "The four that are left: tensification 경음화 (학교 → 학꾜), aspiration 격음화 (좋다 → 조타), ㅎ-dropping (좋아 → 조아), palatalisation 구개음화 (같이 → 가치), and lateralisation 유음화 (신라 → 실라).", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "tensification 경음화", "aspiration 격음화", "ㅎ-dropping", "palatalisation 구개음화", "lateralisation 유음화" ], "avoid": [ "do not analyse -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 or dictionary -다 as grammar here — they appear only as sound examples" ], "words": [ "학교", "좋다", "같이", "신라", "설날", "못해", "축하", "싫어", "놓다", "앉히다" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "1.9", "ko": "첫 낱말", "name": "First words, read correctly", "goal": "Consolidation. Real words that need two or three of the rules at once, read for meaning rather than mechanics. No new phenomena — this unit only proves Phase 1 holds together.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "reading a written word and knowing how it actually sounds" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "친구", "사람", "시간", "이름", "나라", "하늘", "마음", "얼굴", "목소리", "이야기" ], "revisits": [] } ] }, { "phase": 2, "ko": "낱말과 뼈대", "name": "Words & the basic frame", "units": [ { "id": "2.1", "ko": "이다 · 아니다", "name": "X is Y", "goal": "The simplest complete sentence: A B야. 야 after a vowel, 이야 after a consonant, 아니야 for the negative. No particles yet — just two nouns and an ending.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "the copula 야 / 이야 (casual 'is')", "아니야 (is not)", "that a question looks identical and is marked only by ?" ], "avoid": [ "any particle", "verbs other than the copula", "polite endings" ], "words": [ "학생", "선생님", "아니", "맞아" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "의사", "from": "1.2" }, { "word": "이름", "from": "1.9" }, { "word": "뭐", "from": "1.2" }, { "word": "누구", "from": "1.1" } ] }, { "id": "2.2", "ko": "있다 · 없다", "name": "There is, there isn't", "goal": "있어 and 없어 — existence, presence and having. The two most common predicates in the language, and the first real verbs.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "있어 / 없어 for existence and possession" ], "avoid": [ "any particle", "conjugation rules — teach 있어/없어 as fixed forms for now", "past tense" ], "words": [ "돈", "형", "누나", "동생", "가족", "일", "약속" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "시간", "from": "1.9" } ] }, { "id": "2.3", "ko": "어순", "name": "Word order & the ending word", "goal": "Subject, then object, then verb — the last word carries the action or state, everything before it is setup. And Korean drops whatever is obvious, so a bare verb is a complete sentence.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "subject–object–verb order", "the last word as the predicate", "that subjects and objects get dropped when obvious" ], "avoid": [ "any particle", "conjugation rules — use only forms given in this unit's word list", "past or future tense" ], "words": [ "먹어", "마셔", "봐", "읽어", "가", "와", "자", "해" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "2.4", "ko": "지시어와 의문사", "name": "Pointing & asking", "goal": "이 / 그 / 저 and the words built on them, plus the full question set — 뭐, 누구, 어디, 언제, 왜, 어떻게, 몇 — which sit in the same slot as a normal noun rather than moving to the front.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "이 / 그 / 저 and 이거 · 여기 · 이 사람 etc.", "the question words, in normal word order" ], "avoid": [ "any particle", "tense" ], "words": [ "이거", "그거", "저거", "언제", "어떻게", "몇", "이번", "다음" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "2.5", "ko": "숫자 ① 한자어", "name": "Sino-Korean numbers", "goal": "일 이 삼 사 오 육 칠 팔 구 십, then 백 천 만. Used for dates, money, minutes, phone numbers, floors and anything above ninety-nine.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "Sino-Korean numerals and how they stack", "what Sino numbers are used for: dates, money, minutes" ], "avoid": [ "native numerals", "counters" ], "words": [ "삼", "사", "오", "육", "칠", "팔", "구", "십", "백", "천", "만", "년", "월", "분", "원" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "일", "from": "2.2" }, { "word": "이", "from": "1.1" } ] }, { "id": "2.6", "ko": "숫자 ② 고유어와 단위", "name": "Native numbers & counters", "goal": "하나 둘 셋 넷 다섯…, the counters that follow them (개 명 마리 잔 살 번 시), and the shortening that happens in front of one: 하나 → 한, 둘 → 두, 셋 → 세, 넷 → 네, 스물 → 스무.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "native numerals", "counters 개 명 마리 잔 살 번 시", "한/두/세/네/스무 before a counter", "a clock reading using both systems" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "둘", "셋", "넷", "다섯", "여섯", "일곱", "아홉", "열", "스물", "명", "마리", "살", "잔", "번", "시" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "하나", "from": "1.1" }, { "word": "여덟", "from": "1.7" }, { "word": "개", "from": "1.2" } ] }, { "id": "2.7", "ko": "어휘 · 사람과 사물", "name": "Vocabulary — people & things", "goal": "A vocabulary round using everything so far. Words you will meet on almost every page: people, everyday objects, places.", "vocabUnit": true, "teaches": [ "everyday nouns for people, objects and places" ], "avoid": [ "any particle", "tense" ], "words": [ "가방", "신발", "열쇠", "우산", "의자", "책상", "휴대폰", "컴퓨터", "가게", "길" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "옷", "from": "1.4" }, { "word": "시계", "from": "1.2" }, { "word": "학교", "from": "1.8" }, { "word": "회사", "from": "1.2" } ] }, { "id": "2.8", "ko": "부정 ① 안 · 못", "name": "Negation in front", "goal": "안 before the verb for 'doesn't', 못 for 'can't'. The difference is choice against ability, and manhwa leans on it constantly. 안 먹어 is a decision; 못 먹어 is a limit.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "안 + verb", "못 + verb", "the choice-versus-ability contrast" ], "avoid": [ "-지 않다 and -지 마 — those come with the endings in Phase 5" ], "words": [ "안", "못", "아직", "벌써", "전혀", "별로" ], "revisits": [] } ] }, { "phase": 3, "ko": "활용", "name": "Conjugation", "units": [ { "id": "3.1", "ko": "활용의 규칙", "name": "The rule behind every verb", "goal": "Dictionary form minus 다 is the stem. If the stem's last vowel is ㅏ or ㅗ, add 아; otherwise add 어; 하다 becomes 해. One rule, and it predicts forms he has never seen.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "stem = dictionary form minus 다", "the 아/어 split by vowel harmony", "하다 → 해" ], "avoid": [ "all irregular classes", "past and future tense", "polite 요" ], "words": [ "먹다", "가다", "오다", "보다", "웃다", "잡다", "살다", "죽다", "울다" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "좋다", "from": "1.8" }, { "word": "읽다", "from": "1.7" }, { "word": "앉다", "from": "1.7" } ] }, { "id": "3.2", "ko": "불규칙 ① ㅡ · 르", "name": "Irregulars: ㅡ and 르", "goal": "A stem ending in ㅡ loses it, and the harmony then follows the vowel before it: 크다 → 커, 바쁘다 → 바빠. A 르 stem drops the ㅡ and doubles the ㄹ backwards: 모르다 → 몰라.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "the ㅡ irregular", "the 르 irregular" ], "avoid": [ "the ㅂ ㄷ ㅅ ㅎ ㄹ irregulars", "tense" ], "words": [ "크다", "쓰다", "아프다", "슬프다", "예쁘다", "모르다", "부르다", "다르다", "빠르다" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "바쁘다", "from": "1.3" } ] }, { "id": "3.3", "ko": "불규칙 ② ㅂ · ㄷ · ㅅ", "name": "Irregulars: ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅅ", "goal": "ㅂ becomes 우 and fuses into 워 (덥다 → 더워). ㄷ becomes ㄹ (듣다 → 들어). ㅅ simply vanishes with no contraction (낫다 → 나아). Each has regular look-alikes that do not change.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "the ㅂ irregular", "the ㄷ irregular", "the ㅅ irregular", "that 받다, 닫다, 웃다, 씻다 are regular despite appearances" ], "avoid": [ "the ㅎ and ㄹ irregulars", "tense" ], "words": [ "덥다", "춥다", "쉽다", "어렵다", "무섭다", "맵다", "듣다", "걷다", "묻다", "낫다", "짓다" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "3.4", "ko": "불규칙 ③ ㅎ · ㄹ", "name": "Irregulars: ㅎ and ㄹ", "goal": "Colour words and 그렇다-types drop the ㅎ and shift the vowel to ㅐ (빨갛다 → 빨개). A ㄹ stem keeps its 아/어 form but loses the ㄹ before certain endings (살다 → 사는).", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "the ㅎ irregular", "the ㄹ irregular" ], "avoid": [ "tense" ], "words": [ "그렇다", "어떻다", "빨갛다", "하얗다", "까맣다", "알다", "놀다", "멀다", "길다", "만들다" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "3.5", "ko": "과거", "name": "The past tense", "goal": "Built FROM the 아/어 form, not from the dictionary form: take 먹어, insert ㅆ, add 어 → 먹었어. 가 → 갔어. 해 → 했어. Irregulars carry through: 더워 → 더웠어, 몰라 → 몰랐어.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "past tense 았/었어", "that the past is built on the 아/어 form, so irregulars carry through" ], "avoid": [ "future tense", "polite 요" ], "words": [ "했어", "갔어", "왔어", "봤어", "먹었어", "어제", "아까", "방금" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "3.6", "ko": "미래와 의지", "name": "Future & intention", "goal": "-(으)ㄹ 거야 for what is going to happen, and -(으)ㄹ게 for a promise made to the person listening. The second one is the vow panel: 내가 지킬게.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-(으)ㄹ 거야 future", "-(으)ㄹ게 promise" ], "avoid": [ "polite 요" ], "words": [ "내일", "나중에", "곧", "이따가", "진짜", "정말" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "3.7", "ko": "어휘 · 동작과 상태", "name": "Vocabulary — actions & states", "goal": "A vocabulary round of verbs and adjectives, every one of them run through the conjugation rules just learned.", "vocabUnit": true, "teaches": [ "common action verbs and descriptive adjectives" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "만나다", "기다리다", "찾다", "주다", "받다", "사다", "팔다", "열다", "닫다", "시작하다", "끝나다", "싸우다", "도망치다", "지키다" ], "revisits": [] } ] }, { "phase": 4, "ko": "조사", "name": "Particles", "units": [ { "id": "4.1", "ko": "은 / 는", "name": "The topic marker", "goal": "은/는 names what the sentence is about, and quietly sets it against something else. 은 after a consonant, 는 after a vowel. Everything so far has managed without it — this unit shows what it adds.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "은/는 as topic marker", "the consonant/vowel split" ], "avoid": [ "이/가, 을/를 and every other particle" ], "words": [ "오늘", "요즘", "원래", "보통" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "4.2", "ko": "이 / 가", "name": "The subject marker", "goal": "이/가 marks who or what performs the verb, and it introduces information that is new. 이 after a consonant, 가 after a vowel; 저 + 가 contracts to 제가, 나 + 가 to 내가.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "이/가 as subject marker", "제가 · 내가 · 네가 contractions" ], "avoid": [ "을/를 and the later particles" ], "words": [ "누가", "내가", "제가", "네가" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "4.3", "ko": "은/는 vs 이/가", "name": "The contrast", "goal": "No new particle — a whole unit on the difference, because it is the one that never stops mattering. Same sentence, both markers, side by side: what changes is where the weight falls and what is being answered.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "choosing between 은/는 and 이/가 by what is old and what is new" ], "avoid": [ "을/를 and the later particles" ], "words": [ "그런데", "하지만" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "4.4", "ko": "을 / 를", "name": "The object marker", "goal": "을/를 marks what the verb acts on. It is dropped constantly in speech bubbles, which is exactly why you need to recognise it when it does appear. 뭘, 널, 절 are the contractions.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "을/를 as object marker", "the contractions 뭘 · 널 · 절" ], "avoid": [ "에 / 에서 and the later particles" ], "words": [ "뭘", "널", "절" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "4.5", "ko": "에 · 에서", "name": "Place & time", "goal": "에 for a destination, a point in time, or where something simply is. 에서 for where an action happens, and where something came from. 집에 있어 against 집에서 일해.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "에 for destination, time and static location", "에서 for the site of an action and for origin" ], "avoid": [ "도, 만 and the later particles" ], "words": [ "아래", "옆", "뒤", "사이" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "밖", "from": "1.4" }, { "word": "안", "from": "2.8" }, { "word": "위", "from": "1.2" }, { "word": "앞", "from": "1.4" } ] }, { "id": "4.6", "ko": "도 · 만", "name": "Also & only", "goal": "도 (also, too) and 만 (only). The catch: they REPLACE 은/는, 이/가 and 을/를 rather than stacking on top of them. 저는도 is wrong; 저도 is right.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "도 (also) and 만 (only)", "that 도 and 만 replace the other markers" ], "avoid": [ "the remaining particles" ], "words": [ "혼자", "조금", "많이" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "같이", "from": "1.8" } ] }, { "id": "4.7", "ko": "나머지 조사", "name": "The rest of the set", "goal": "하고 · (이)랑 · 와/과 for and and with; (으)로 for by and toward; 부터 ~ 까지 for a span; 보다 for more than; 처럼 for like.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "하고 · (이)랑 · 와/과", "(으)로", "부터 ~ 까지", "보다", "처럼" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "하고", "랑", "로", "부터", "까지", "처럼" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "보다", "from": "3.1" } ] }, { "id": "4.8", "ko": "생략과 지시", "name": "Omission & tracking who", "goal": "The reading skill this whole phase was building toward. Korean drops subjects and objects constantly, and a manhwa page expects you to infer who is speaking and who is being spoken about — from who spoke last, from the ending, from the level of politeness. Given a bare line, you should be able to say WHO.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "tracing a dropped subject through a exchange", "reading the speaker from the ending and the register" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "그때", "이제", "걔", "쟤", "얘" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "아까", "from": "3.5" }, { "word": "방금", "from": "3.5" } ] } ] }, { "phase": 5, "ko": "어미", "name": "Endings & clauses", "units": [ { "id": "5.1", "ko": "존댓말 읽기", "name": "Reading polite speech", "goal": "Everything so far has been 반말. Now the 요 form and the -습니다 form, for RECOGNITION: a character switching into them is a social event, not just a different ending.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "the polite 요 ending", "the formal -습니다 ending", "that a switch of register is a story signal" ], "avoid": [ "honorific -(으)시- — that is the next unit" ], "words": [ "안녕하세요", "죄송합니다", "아니요", "그렇습니다" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "감사합니다", "from": "1.6" }, { "word": "네", "from": "1.2" } ] }, { "id": "5.2", "ko": "높임말", "name": "Honorifics", "goal": "-(으)시- inside the verb, -세요, 께서 instead of 이/가, and the suppletive words: 드시다, 주무시다, 계시다, 드리다, 말씀. Recognition only — you are reading these, not producing them.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "honorific -(으)시- and -세요", "께서", "드시다 · 주무시다 · 계시다 · 드리다 · 말씀" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "말씀", "님", "드리다", "계시다", "주무시다" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "분", "from": "2.5" } ] }, { "id": "5.3", "ko": "부정 ② 지 않다 · 지 마", "name": "Negation behind the verb", "goal": "-지 않아 as the other way to say no, -지 못해 for the other kind of can't, and -지 마 for don't. The register split matters: 안 먹어 is a character speaking, 먹지 않는다 is narration.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-지 않다", "-지 못하다", "-지 마 (don't)", "the spoken/narrated register split with 안" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "걱정하다", "신경 쓰다", "포기하다" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "5.4", "ko": "바람과 능력", "name": "Wanting & being able", "goal": "-고 싶어 (want to), -(으)ㄹ 수 있어/없어 (can, cannot), -아/어야 돼 (have to). Three things stacked onto the end of a verb.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-고 싶다", "-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 / 없다", "-아/어야 되다" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "싶다", "수", "필요하다", "돼" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "5.5", "ko": "고 · 지만", "name": "And, but", "goal": "-고 joins two clauses with no claim of cause; -지만 sets them against each other. Tense sits on the final verb with -고, but -지만 takes it directly.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-고 (and)", "-지만 (but)" ], "avoid": [ "-아서 and -(으)니까 — the next unit" ], "words": [ "그리고", "그렇지만" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "5.6", "ko": "아서 · 니까", "name": "Because", "goal": "Two reasons endings that are not interchangeable. -아/어서 never takes past tense and never comes before a command. -(으)니까 does both — which is why every 'so let's…' line uses it.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-아/어서 (because; and then)", "-(으)니까 (because, before commands and suggestions)", "that -아/어서 cannot carry tense or precede a command" ], "avoid": [ "-는데" ], "words": [ "그래서", "왜냐하면", "때문에" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "5.7", "ko": "는데 ① 대조", "name": "는데 as contrast", "goal": "-는데 doing exactly one of its jobs: setting two things against each other. 이 옷은 예쁜데 비싸. Minimal pairs against -지만 so the difference in feel is visible.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-는데 / -(으)ㄴ데 as contrast" ], "avoid": [ "the other two jobs of -는데 — they are the next unit" ], "words": [], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "5.8", "ko": "는데 ② 배경", "name": "는데 as background & lead-in", "goal": "Its other two jobs: setting the scene before the main clause, and opening a topic then trailing off so the listener responds. Three labelled uses now, and a sorting exercise where you say which one each is doing.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-는데 as scene-setting background", "-는데 as a soft trailing lead-in", "telling the three uses apart" ], "avoid": [], "words": [], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "5.9", "ko": "조건과 목적", "name": "Condition & purpose", "goal": "-(으)면 (if, when), -(으)면서 (while), -(으)려고 (intending to), -(으)러 (in order to, only with verbs of movement), -기 전에 and -(으)ㄴ 후에.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-(으)면", "-(으)면서", "-(으)려고", "-(으)러", "-기 전에 / -(으)ㄴ 후에" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "만약", "혹시", "아마", "먼저" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "5.10", "ko": "어휘 · 감정과 관계", "name": "Vocabulary — feelings & relationships", "goal": "A vocabulary round on the emotional register manhwa runs on, every word used inside the endings just learned.", "vocabUnit": true, "teaches": [ "vocabulary for feelings, relationships and reactions" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "사랑", "기분", "걱정", "오해", "비밀", "거짓말", "질투", "고백", "미안하다", "고맙다" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "마음", "from": "1.9" }, { "word": "약속", "from": "2.2" } ] } ] }, { "phase": 6, "ko": "실전 읽기", "name": "Reading for real", "units": [ { "id": "6.1", "ko": "수식", "name": "Modifiers before nouns", "goal": "Korean puts the whole description in FRONT of the noun, and marks tense inside it: -는 (now), -(으)ㄴ (already), -(으)ㄹ (yet to come). 내가 죽인 몬스터. The skill is finding where the modifier ends and the noun begins.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-는 / -(으)ㄴ / -(으)ㄹ modifying a noun", "finding the boundary between modifier and noun" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "것", "거", "때", "곳", "적" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "6.2", "ko": "인용", "name": "Quotation", "goal": "An isolation unit, drilled with choice and build tasks so gist-guessing cannot carry you. -라고 for a direct quote, -고 for reported speech, and the contractions -대 · -래 · -냬 · -재 that mean someone else said it first.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "-라고 direct quotation", "-고 reported speech", "the contractions -대 · -래 · -냬 · -재" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "라고", "대", "래", "냬", "재" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "6.3", "ko": "말투 구분", "name": "Narration vs speech", "goal": "The other isolation unit: -다 endings (narration, thought, description) against -어 endings (someone speaking), and 며 against 면서. Given a line with no context, say which voice it is.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "the -다 narration register", "telling narration from dialogue by the ending", "며 vs 면서" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "이다", "했다", "한다", "였다" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "6.4", "ko": "띄어쓰기와 줄임", "name": "Spacing & contractions", "goal": "Where the spaces fall, and the contractions speech bubbles are full of: 나는 → 난, 너는 → 넌, 이것은 → 이건, 무엇을 → 뭘, 그 아이 → 걔.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "Korean word spacing and where a chunk ends", "the common spoken contractions" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "난", "넌", "건", "이건" ], "revisits": [ { "word": "뭘", "from": "4.4" }, { "word": "걔", "from": "4.8" }, { "word": "쟤", "from": "4.8" }, { "word": "얘", "from": "4.8" } ] }, { "id": "6.5", "ko": "의성어 · 의태어", "name": "Sound & manner words", "goal": "The words lettered into the artwork rather than spoken by anyone. Not in most textbooks, and they carry a great deal of what a panel is doing.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "sound words 의성어 and manner words 의태어" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "쿵", "쾅", "헉", "헐", "두근두근", "반짝", "털썩", "씨익", "꿀꺽", "덜덜" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "6.6", "ko": "어휘 · 장르", "name": "Vocabulary — genre", "goal": "The vocabulary specific to what you actually read: regression and tower fantasy, romance drama, school life, action and crime.", "vocabUnit": true, "teaches": [ "genre vocabulary for fantasy, romance, school and action manhwa" ], "avoid": [], "words": [ "회귀", "각성", "스킬", "던전", "길드", "마왕", "헌터", "복수", "배신", "계약", "재벌", "선배", "일진", "증거" ], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "6.7", "ko": "패널 읽기", "name": "Reading whole panels", "goal": "Several bubbles in a row, with sound words and dropped subjects, read for what happened and who did it.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "reading a multi-bubble exchange as one scene" ], "avoid": [], "words": [], "revisits": [] }, { "id": "6.8", "ko": "속도 읽기", "name": "Speed reading", "goal": "Real excerpt length, timed, no lookups. The finish line: you read it once and say what happened.", "vocabUnit": false, "teaches": [ "reading at speed without lookups" ], "avoid": [], "words": [], "revisits": [] } ] } ] }