Hankan/lib/conjugation.js

/* Korean conjugation — the 아/어 rule and the seven irregular classes.
   Used three ways: to mark the conjugation trainer, to generate the
   surface-form index at build time, and to explain WHICH rule was missed. */
import { decompose, compose } from "./hangul.js";

/** Forms that do not fall out of the rules and are simply known. */
export const IRREGULAR_FORMS = {
  "덥다":"더워","춥다":"추워","쉽다":"쉬워","어렵다":"어려워","무섭다":"무서워",
  "맵다":"매워","가깝다":"가까워",
  "듣다":"들어","걷다":"걸어","묻다":"물어",
  "모르다":"몰라","부르다":"불러","다르다":"달라","빠르다":"빨라","고르다":"골라",
  "낫다":"나아","짓다":"지어","붓다":"부어",
  "하다":"해","되다":"돼","이다":"야","그렇다":"그래","어떻다":"어때",
};

/** Dictionary form → 반말 present (해체). Returns null for non-verbs. */
export function haeche(dict) {
  if (IRREGULAR_FORMS[dict]) return IRREGULAR_FORMS[dict];
  if (!dict || dict.slice(-1) !== "다") return null;
  const stem = dict.slice(0, -1);
  if (!stem) return null;
  if (stem.slice(-1) === "하") return stem.slice(0, -1) + "해";

  const d = decompose(stem[stem.length - 1]);
  if (!d) return null;
  const [i, m, f] = d;
  const bright = (m === 0 || m === 8);          // ㅏ or ㅗ → 아, else 어

  if (m === 18 && f === 0) {                    // ㅡ drops: 크다 → 커, 바쁘다 → 바빠
    let h = 4;
    if (stem.length >= 2) {
      const prev = decompose(stem[stem.length - 2]);
      if (prev && (prev[1] === 0 || prev[1] === 8)) h = 0;
    }
    return stem.slice(0, -1) + compose(i, h, 0);
  }
  if (f === 0) {                                // vowel-final stem contracts
    if ([0, 4, 1, 5, 6, 2].includes(m)) return stem;        // 가 · 서 · 보내 · 세 · 켜
    if (m === 8)  return stem.slice(0, -1) + compose(i, 9, 0);   // ㅗ+아 → ㅘ  오다 → 와
    if (m === 13) return stem.slice(0, -1) + compose(i, 14, 0);  // ㅜ+어 → ㅝ  주다 → 줘
    if (m === 20) return stem.slice(0, -1) + compose(i, 6, 0);   // ㅣ+어 → ㅕ  마시다 → 마셔
    if (m === 11) return stem.slice(0, -1) + compose(i, 10, 0);  // ㅚ+어 → ㅙ  되다 → 돼
    return stem + (bright ? "아" : "어");
  }
  return stem + (bright ? "아" : "어");
}

/** 반말 present → 반말 past. 먹어 → 먹었어, 가 → 갔어, 해 → 했어. */
export function past(present) {
  if (!present) return null;
  const d = decompose(present[present.length - 1]);
  if (!d) return null;
  if (d[2] !== 0) return present + "었어";
  return present.slice(0, -1) + compose(d[0], d[1], 20) + "어";
}

export const polite = present => present ? present + "요" : null;

/** Which class a dictionary form belongs to — drives the "why" in feedback. */
export function irregularClass(dict) {
  if (IRREGULAR_FORMS[dict]) {
    if (/르다$/.test(dict)) return "르";
    if (/^(듣다|걷다|묻다)$/.test(dict)) return "ㄷ";
    if (/(렇다|얗다|갛다|떻다)$/.test(dict)) return "ㅎ";
    if (/^(낫다|짓다|붓다)$/.test(dict)) return "ㅅ";
    if (/^(하다|되다|이다)$/.test(dict)) return "special";
    return "ㅂ";
  }
  const stem = dict.slice(0, -1);
  const d = decompose(stem[stem.length - 1]);
  if (!d) return "regular";
  if (d[1] === 18 && d[2] === 0) return "ㅡ";
  return "regular";
}

/** Human explanation of the rule applied — shown when an answer is wrong. */
export function explain(dict) {
  const cls = irregularClass(dict);
  if (cls !== "regular") return `${cls} 불규칙`;
  const stem = dict.slice(0, -1);
  if (stem.slice(-1) === "하") return "하다 → 해";
  const d = decompose(stem[stem.length - 1]);
  const bright = d && (d[1] === 0 || d[1] === 8);
  return `stem ${stem} · last vowel ${bright ? "ㅏ/ㅗ → 아" : "neither → 어"}`;
}

/** Build-time: every surface form a learner will meet, mapped back to its lemma.
    Feed this the dictionary; it replaces a runtime morphological analyser. */
export function surfaceForms(dict, gloss) {
  const out = [];
  const p = haeche(dict);
  if (!p) return out;
  const g = gloss.replace(/^to be /, "").replace(/^to /, "");
  out.push({ form: p,            gloss: g,            note: `반말, from ${dict}` });
  out.push({ form: polite(p),    gloss: g,            note: `polite, from ${dict}` });
  const q = past(p);
  if (q) out.push({ form: q, gloss: `${g} (past)`, note: `반말 past, from ${dict}` });
  return out;
}