feat(v1.1.4): outbound HTTP SDK + cron triggers

HTTP (`http::*`):
- `HttpService` trait (picloud-shared) + reqwest-backed `HttpServiceImpl`
  (manager-core), wired into the `Services` bundle.
- SSRF deny-list applied to the resolved IP via a custom reqwest
  `dns_resolver` (covers every redirect hop + defeats DNS rebinding) plus
  a literal-IP check at URL-parse time. Scheme/port restrictions, request
  + response body caps (stream-with-cap), layered timeout. Error reason is
  a CIDR category, never the IP. `PICLOUD_HTTP_ALLOW_PRIVATE` dev override
  (logs a startup warning).
- Rhai bridge with three-arg split `verb(url, body, opts)` (resolves the
  brief's body-vs-opts contradiction; unknown opt keys throw). Body
  dispatch by type; response `#{status,headers,body,body_raw}` with JSON
  auto-parse; non-2xx does not throw.
- `Capability::AppHttpRequest` → existing `script:write` scope (no new
  Scope variant). `SdkCallCx` gains `script_id` (attribution + User-Agent).

Cron triggers (4th trigger kind):
- Migration 0017 widens the kind/source_kind CHECKs and adds
  `cron_trigger_details`. `cron`/`chrono-tz` parse + validate 6-field
  schedules and IANA timezones.
- `spawn_cron_scheduler` polls due triggers and enqueues to the universal
  outbox; the dispatcher delivers them (one-line match-arm extension).
  Catch-up fires exactly once per trigger per tick, not once per missed
  window. `ctx.event.cron` for handlers.
- `POST /api/v1/admin/apps/{id}/triggers/cron` reuses the v1.1.3
  cross-app + kind!=module target check.
- Dashboard: admin-gated Triggers tab (cron create form + list).

Follow-ups: redact module backend errors at the resolver boundary (log
original at error level); pin `rhai = "=1.24"`; CHANGELOG incl. retroactive
v1.1.3 cross-app-trigger security note. Version bumps: workspace 1.1.4,
SDK 1.5, dashboard 0.10.0.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

crates/manager-core/src/cron_scheduler.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+//! Cron scheduler — the v1.1.4 time-based trigger source.
+//!
+//! A single tokio task polls `cron_trigger_details` on a tick (default
+//! 30s; `PICLOUD_CRON_TICK_INTERVAL_MS`). For each enabled cron trigger
+//! whose next scheduled fire is due, it enqueues ONE outbox row
+//! (`source_kind = 'cron'`) and updates `last_fired_at` — both in the
+//! same transaction, claimed via `FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED` so a future
+//! multi-node deploy can't double-fire.
+//!
+//! The scheduler does NOT dispatch or touch the `ExecutionGate`: it only
+//! enqueues. The existing dispatcher picks the row up and acquires the
+//! gate exactly as it does for kv/docs/dead_letter rows.
+//!
+//! **Catch-up policy (matches the brief):** a trigger that missed N fire
+//! windows since `last_fired_at` fires exactly ONCE on the next tick,
+//! not N times. This falls out of the design: [`next_due`] returns a
+//! single canonical scheduled time (the first slot after the reference
+//! point), and after firing we set `last_fired_at = now`, so the next
+//! tick computes from `now` and sees only future slots. Backfilling
+//! missed windows is intentionally out of scope (an explicit replay
+//! action is the v1.2+ escape hatch).
+
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use chrono_tz::Tz;
+use cron::Schedule;
+use picloud_shared::TriggerEvent;
+use sqlx::PgPool;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Validate a 6-field cron expression. Returns the parse error message
+/// on failure.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns the underlying parse error string when `schedule` is not a
+/// valid cron expression.
+pub fn validate_schedule(schedule: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    Schedule::from_str(schedule)
+        .map(|_| ())
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+}
+
+/// Validate an IANA timezone name (e.g. `America/Los_Angeles`).
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns an error string when `timezone` is not a known IANA name.
+pub fn validate_timezone(timezone: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    Tz::from_str(timezone)
+        .map(|_| ())
+        .map_err(|_| format!("unknown IANA timezone: {timezone}"))
+}
+
+/// Compute whether a cron trigger is due, and if so its canonical
+/// scheduled-at moment (UTC).
+///
+/// Returns `Some(scheduled_at)` when the first scheduled slot after the
+/// reference point (`last_fired_at`, or `created_at` if never fired) is
+/// at/before `now`; `None` otherwise. Returns `None` if the schedule or
+/// timezone fails to parse (the row is skipped — it should never have
+/// been inserted, since the admin endpoint validates).
+#[must_use]
+pub fn next_due(
+    schedule: &str,
+    timezone: &str,
+    last_fired_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    now: DateTime<Utc>,
+) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
+    let sched = Schedule::from_str(schedule).ok()?;
+    let tz = Tz::from_str(timezone).ok()?;
+    // Reference: the last actual fire, or creation if never fired. A
+    // never-fired trigger fires at its first slot at/after creation.
+    let base = last_fired_at.unwrap_or(created_at);
+    let base_tz = base.with_timezone(&tz);
+    let next = sched.after(&base_tz).next()?;
+    let next_utc = next.with_timezone(&Utc);
+    (next_utc <= now).then_some(next_utc)
+}
+
+/// Spawn the scheduler loop. Runs for the process lifetime.
+pub fn spawn_cron_scheduler(pool: PgPool, tick_interval_ms: u32) {
+    // Floor the tick at 1s so a misconfigured 0 can't spin.
+    let interval = Duration::from_millis(u64::from(tick_interval_ms).max(1_000));
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let mut ticker = tokio::time::interval(interval);
+        // Skip the immediate first fire so we don't race startup.
+        ticker.tick().await;
+        loop {
+            ticker.tick().await;
+            if let Err(e) = tick(&pool, Utc::now()).await {
+                tracing::warn!(?e, "cron scheduler tick errored");
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[derive(sqlx::FromRow)]
+struct DueRow {
+    id: Uuid,
+    app_id: Uuid,
+    script_id: Uuid,
+    registered_by_principal: Uuid,
+    created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    schedule: String,
+    timezone: String,
+    last_fired_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// One scheduler tick: claim enabled cron rows, enqueue the due ones,
+/// bump `last_fired_at`. Returns the number of triggers fired.
+async fn tick(pool: &PgPool, now: DateTime<Utc>) -> Result<usize, sqlx::Error> {
+    let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
+    let rows: Vec<DueRow> = sqlx::query_as(
+        "SELECT t.id, t.app_id, t.script_id, t.registered_by_principal, t.created_at, \
+                d.schedule, d.timezone, d.last_fired_at \
+         FROM cron_trigger_details d \
+         JOIN triggers t ON t.id = d.trigger_id \
+         WHERE t.enabled = TRUE \
+         FOR UPDATE OF d SKIP LOCKED",
+    )
+    .fetch_all(&mut *tx)
+    .await?;
+
+    let mut fired = 0usize;
+    for r in rows {
+        let Some(scheduled_at) =
+            next_due(&r.schedule, &r.timezone, r.last_fired_at, r.created_at, now)
+        else {
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        let event = TriggerEvent::Cron {
+            schedule: r.schedule.clone(),
+            timezone: r.timezone.clone(),
+            scheduled_at,
+            fired_at: now,
+        };
+        let payload = serde_json::to_value(&event)
+            .map_err(|e| sqlx::Error::Decode(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(e))))?;
+
+        // Enqueue exactly one outbox row. Relies on the same column
+        // defaults the OutboxEventEmitter uses (next_attempt_at = NOW(),
+        // attempt_count = 0, claimed_at NULL → immediately due).
+        sqlx::query(
+            "INSERT INTO outbox \
+                (app_id, source_kind, trigger_id, script_id, payload, \
+                 origin_principal, trigger_depth) \
+             VALUES ($1, 'cron', $2, $3, $4, $5, 0)",
+        )
+        .bind(r.app_id)
+        .bind(r.id)
+        .bind(r.script_id)
+        .bind(payload)
+        .bind(r.registered_by_principal)
+        .execute(&mut *tx)
+        .await?;
+
+        sqlx::query("UPDATE cron_trigger_details SET last_fired_at = $2 WHERE trigger_id = $1")
+            .bind(r.id)
+            .bind(now)
+            .execute(&mut *tx)
+            .await?;
+
+        fired += 1;
+    }
+
+    tx.commit().await?;
+    Ok(fired)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use chrono::TimeZone;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn valid_six_field_schedule_accepted() {
+        // sec min hour dom mon dow — "every weekday at 9am".
+        validate_schedule("0 0 9 * * MON-FRI").unwrap();
+        validate_schedule("*/5 * * * * *").unwrap();
+        validate_schedule("0 0 0 1 1 *").unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_schedules_rejected() {
+        // 5-field (no seconds) is not the format we accept.
+        assert!(validate_schedule("* * * * *").is_err());
+        // Gibberish.
+        assert!(validate_schedule("not a cron").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_schedule("").is_err());
+        // Out-of-range hour.
+        assert!(validate_schedule("0 0 99 * * *").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn known_timezones_accepted() {
+        validate_timezone("UTC").unwrap();
+        validate_timezone("America/Los_Angeles").unwrap();
+        validate_timezone("Europe/Berlin").unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_timezones_rejected() {
+        assert!(validate_timezone("Mars/Phobos").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_timezone("PST").is_err()); // abbreviations aren't IANA names
+        assert!(validate_timezone("").is_err());
+    }
+
+    fn ts(s: &str) -> DateTime<Utc> {
+        DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(s).unwrap().with_timezone(&Utc)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn due_when_next_slot_is_at_or_before_now() {
+        // Every minute at second 0. Last fired 90s ago → the next slot
+        // after that is due now.
+        let created = ts("2026-06-01T00:00:00Z");
+        let last = Some(ts("2026-06-15T11:58:10Z"));
+        let now = ts("2026-06-15T12:00:05Z");
+        let due = next_due("0 * * * * *", "UTC", last, created, now);
+        assert_eq!(due, Some(ts("2026-06-15T11:59:00Z")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn not_due_when_next_slot_is_in_the_future() {
+        let created = ts("2026-06-01T00:00:00Z");
+        let last = Some(ts("2026-06-15T12:00:00Z"));
+        let now = ts("2026-06-15T12:00:30Z");
+        // Next minute slot is 12:01:00 — still in the future.
+        assert_eq!(next_due("0 * * * * *", "UTC", last, created, now), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn never_fired_uses_created_at_as_reference() {
+        let created = ts("2026-06-15T12:00:10Z");
+        let now = ts("2026-06-15T12:01:30Z");
+        // First slot after creation is 12:01:00, which is <= now → due.
+        let due = next_due("0 * * * * *", "UTC", None, created, now);
+        assert_eq!(due, Some(ts("2026-06-15T12:01:00Z")));
+    }
+
+    /// Catch-up policy: a trigger that missed many windows fires exactly
+    /// ONCE. We simulate two consecutive scheduler ticks the way the DB
+    /// loop does — fire once, set last_fired = now, then re-evaluate.
+    #[test]
+    fn catch_up_fires_exactly_once_after_missed_windows() {
+        let created = ts("2026-06-15T09:00:00Z");
+        // Last fired over 5 minutes (5 windows) ago.
+        let mut last_fired = Some(ts("2026-06-15T11:54:30Z"));
+        let now = ts("2026-06-15T12:00:05Z");
+
+        // Tick 1: due → fire once, advance last_fired to `now`.
+        let first = next_due("0 * * * * *", "UTC", last_fired, created, now);
+        assert!(first.is_some(), "should be due after missing windows");
+        last_fired = Some(now);
+
+        // Tick 2 (same wall-clock): NOT due again — only one fire total,
+        // not one-per-missed-window.
+        let second = next_due("0 * * * * *", "UTC", last_fired, created, now);
+        assert_eq!(second, None, "catch-up must fire exactly once");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timezone_affects_fire_time() {
+        // "9am every day" in Los Angeles. On 2026-06-15, PDT = UTC-7, so
+        // 09:00 local = 16:00 UTC.
+        let created = ts("2026-06-15T00:00:00Z");
+        let last = Some(ts("2026-06-15T15:59:00Z"));
+        let now = ts("2026-06-15T16:00:30Z");
+        let due = next_due("0 0 9 * * *", "America/Los_Angeles", last, created, now);
+        assert_eq!(due, Some(ts("2026-06-15T16:00:00Z")));
+        // Sanity: the same expression in UTC would NOT be due at 16:00.
+        assert_eq!(next_due("0 0 9 * * *", "UTC", last, created, now), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bad_schedule_or_tz_yields_none() {
+        let created = ts("2026-06-15T00:00:00Z");
+        let now = ts("2026-06-15T12:00:00Z");
+        assert_eq!(next_due("garbage", "UTC", None, created, now), None);
+        assert_eq!(
+            next_due("0 * * * * *", "Mars/Phobos", None, created, now),
+            None
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn utc_offset_constructor_smoke() {
+        // Guard the chrono TimeZone import is actually exercised.
+        let dt = Utc.with_ymd_and_hms(2026, 6, 15, 12, 0, 0).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(dt, ts("2026-06-15T12:00:00Z"));
+    }
+}