Read the quizzes behind H5P elements

A quiz in Schulcloud is an H5P element, and a board hands over nothing but a
contentId — so a teacher's exercise was until now a line saying one exists.
The player shows a single question at a time, which makes it look like
something to step through or scrape. It is not:
`GET /api/v3/h5p-editor/params/{contentId}` returns the JSON the player is fed,
so one request holds every question, every option and which of them are
correct. (`play/{id}` is the same content plus the player's script lists: 74 kB
against 51 kB for the live quiz. Neither docs-json describes the service.)

get_h5p prints the exercise, and solutions=false keeps the options while
dropping the answers, so it can be used to ask the questions instead of
answering them. get_board names the exercise — title, question count, kinds —
rather than printing a bare id, and the crawl indexes its text, so a phrase
that exists only inside a quiz is now findable. That is the treatment pads
already get, for the same reason: it is course material and nothing else
surfaces it.

What varies is the shape inside `params`, which belongs to whichever H5P
library the teacher used. Modelled: MultiChoice, whose `behaviour.singleAnswer`
is the only honest source for "tick exactly one"; TrueFalse, whose `correct` is
the string "true"; the cloze libraries, which mark solutions inline as
`*answer:tip*`; SingleChoiceSet and Summary, which put the correct option first
and let the player shuffle; and Column. Anything else has its text harvested
and labelled unmodelled — an exercise reported as "0 questions" would be worse
than a clumsy rendering of one. The harvest skips the UI and l10n subtrees, or
a quiz reads as "Überprüfen, Wiederholen, Absenden".

Verified against this account's quiz, an H5P.QuestionSet of 20 MultiChoice
questions on a room's board: 239 tests, smoke 91/91 live-only and 93/93 with
the index.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
MechaCat02
2026-09-17 21:39:19 +02:00
parent 19d9bce2f7
commit a0cef532c6
10 changed files with 737 additions and 3 deletions

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@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
import type { Config } from '../config.ts';
import type { SchulcloudClient } from './client.ts';
import { fetchPadText } from './etherpad.ts';
import { readH5pContent, type H5pContent } from './h5p.ts';
import { SchulcloudApiError } from './client.ts';
import type { BoardSkeleton, CardResponse, ContentElement, FileRecord } from './types.ts';
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ export interface AssembledElement {
alternativeText?: string;
/** H5P content id: the handle onto interactive content (quizzes and the like). */
h5pContentId?: string;
/** The exercise behind that id, when it was resolved: every question at once. */
h5p?: H5pContent;
/** Which configured tool an externalTool element launches. */
contextExternalToolId?: string;
/** What a deleted element used to be. */
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ export async function assembleBoard(
client: SchulcloudClient,
boardId: string,
schoolId: string,
options: { resolveFiles?: boolean; resolvePads?: Config } = {},
options: { resolveFiles?: boolean; resolvePads?: Config; resolveH5p?: boolean } = {},
): Promise<AssembledBoard> {
const resolveFiles = options.resolveFiles ?? true;
@@ -92,6 +95,12 @@ export async function assembleBoard(
await attachPadText(options.resolvePads, assembled);
}
// A quiz is course material too, and the board hands over only a contentId.
// One request per H5P element, and only when a board has one.
if (options.resolveH5p) {
await attachH5pContent(client, assembled);
}
const fileCount = assembled
.flatMap((column) => column.cards)
.flatMap((card) => card.elements)
@@ -197,6 +206,29 @@ async function attachPadText(config: Config, columns: AssembledColumn[]): Promis
);
}
/**
* Fills in the exercise behind each H5P element.
*
* Silent on failure, like a pad: the element and its content id are still
* reported, and get_h5p then says why it could not be read.
*/
async function attachH5pContent(client: SchulcloudClient, columns: AssembledColumn[]): Promise<void> {
const elements = columns
.flatMap((column) => column.cards)
.flatMap((card) => card.elements)
.filter((element) => element.type === 'h5p' && element.h5pContentId);
await Promise.all(
elements.map(async (element) => {
try {
element.h5p = await readH5pContent(client, element.h5pContentId!);
} catch {
// Left unset: the formatter falls back to naming the content id.
}
}),
);
}
/**
* Resolves file-bearing elements to file records.
*

View File

@@ -450,6 +450,21 @@ export class SchulcloudClient {
return this.getJson<BoardContext>(`/api/v3/boards/${encodeURIComponent(boardId)}/context`);
}
/**
* The content behind an H5P element: a quiz with all of its questions.
*
* `params` is what the player loads before it renders anything, so one GET
* returns the whole exercise — every question, every answer option and which
* of them is correct — even though the player then shows one question at a
* time. There is nothing to step through and no page to scrape.
*
* The shape belongs to whichever H5P library the content uses, so it stays
* `unknown` here and `core/h5p.ts` interprets it.
*/
getH5pParams(contentId: string): Promise<unknown> {
return this.getJson<unknown>(`/api/v3/h5p-editor/params/${encodeURIComponent(contentId)}`);
}
/**
* Card bodies for the given ids.
*

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@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
import type { Config } from '../config.ts';
import { h5pSearchText } from './h5p.ts';
import { assembleBoard, type AssembledBoard } from './board.ts';
import type { SchulcloudClient } from './client.ts';
import { fetchHomeworkPage } from './homework-page.ts';
@@ -320,6 +321,7 @@ async function crawlBoards(
assembled = await assembleBoard(client, boardId, options.schoolId, {
resolveFiles: includeFiles,
resolvePads: options.config,
resolveH5p: true,
});
} catch (error) {
// Record rather than swallow: a dropped board used to disappear from the
@@ -342,6 +344,9 @@ async function crawlBoards(
// Pad contents are course material like any other; without this they
// are unsearchable, and a pad is often where the actual group work is.
if (element.padText) parts.push(element.padText);
// A quiz's questions are material too: without this, searching for
// something a teacher only asked in an H5P exercise finds nothing.
if (element.h5p) parts.push(h5pSearchText(element.h5p));
if (element.url) parts.push(element.url);
for (const record of element.files) {
files.push({

305
src/core/h5p.ts Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
/**
* Reads H5P content: the quizzes and interactive exercises on a board.
*
* Schulcloud has no quiz of its own — an exercise is an H5P element, and the
* board API hands over nothing but a `contentId`. The player then shows one
* question at a time, which makes a quiz look like something that has to be
* stepped through or scraped. It is not: `GET /api/v3/h5p-editor/params/{id}`
* returns the entire exercise as the JSON the player is fed, so one request
* holds every question, every option and which of them is correct.
*
* What varies is the *shape* of that JSON, because it belongs to whichever H5P
* library the teacher used. The common question types are modelled below; for
* anything else the text is harvested generically and labelled as such, so an
* exercise this parser does not know still arrives readable instead of empty.
*/
import type { SchulcloudClient } from './client.ts';
import { htmlToText } from './text.ts';
export interface H5pAnswer {
text: string;
/** Undefined when the library does not say — never guess a solution. */
correct?: boolean;
tip?: string;
}
export interface H5pQuestion {
/** The H5P library, e.g. `H5P.MultiChoice 1.16`. */
library: string;
/** A short human name for the kind of task, for the reader. */
kind: string;
text: string;
answers: H5pAnswer[];
/** True when more than one option is meant to be ticked. */
multiple?: boolean;
/** The task's own text where it is not the question: a cloze, a description. */
body?: string;
}
export interface H5pContent {
contentId: string;
title: string;
/** The main library of the content itself, e.g. `H5P.QuestionSet`. */
library: string;
intro?: string;
/** Percentage needed to pass, when the content sets one. */
passPercentage?: number;
questions: H5pQuestion[];
/**
* Text from parts this parser does not model. Never silently dropped: a
* teacher's exercise turning up as "0 questions" is the bug this avoids.
*/
unmodelled: string[];
}
/** Fetches and parses one H5P content. Throws if it cannot be read or parsed. */
export async function readH5pContent(client: SchulcloudClient, contentId: string): Promise<H5pContent> {
return parseH5pParams(contentId, await client.getH5pParams(contentId));
}
/** Everything in the content as one string, for the search index. */
export function h5pSearchText(content: H5pContent): string {
const parts = [content.title, content.intro];
for (const question of content.questions) {
parts.push(question.text, question.body, ...question.answers.map((answer) => answer.text));
}
parts.push(...content.unmodelled);
return parts.filter((part): part is string => Boolean(part?.trim())).join('\n');
}
/**
* Interprets a `params` payload.
*
* Throws on a payload that is not H5P at all rather than returning an empty
* exercise — the difference between "this quiz has no questions" and "the
* format changed" matters, and only one of them is worth reporting as content.
*/
export function parseH5pParams(contentId: string, payload: unknown): H5pContent {
const root = asRecord(payload);
const metadata = asRecord(root?.h5p);
// `params.params` is the content itself; `params.metadata` beside it repeats
// the H5P metadata. A single-question content has the same shape.
const outer = asRecord(root?.params);
const params = asRecord(outer?.params) ?? outer;
const library = string(metadata?.mainLibrary) ?? string(root?.library) ?? 'unknown';
if (!params) {
throw new Error(`H5P content ${contentId} carried no params — the payload shape has changed`);
}
const title = string(metadata?.title)?.trim() || 'H5P content';
const content: H5pContent = { contentId, title, library, questions: [], unmodelled: [] };
const introPage = asRecord(params.introPage);
const intro = htmlToText(string(introPage?.introduction) ?? string(params.intro) ?? '').trim();
if (intro) content.intro = intro;
if (typeof params.passPercentage === 'number') content.passPercentage = params.passPercentage;
// A QuestionSet holds a list of sub-contents, each with its own library; any
// other library *is* the single question.
const questions = Array.isArray(params.questions) && params.questions.some((entry) => asRecord(entry)?.library)
? params.questions
: undefined;
if (questions) {
for (const entry of questions) {
const record = asRecord(entry);
const sub = asRecord(record?.params);
const subLibrary = string(record?.library) ?? 'unknown';
if (sub) content.questions.push(...parseQuestion(subLibrary, sub, content.unmodelled));
}
} else {
content.questions.push(...parseQuestion(library, params, content.unmodelled));
}
return content;
}
/**
* One sub-content as questions.
*
* Returns several for the libraries that bundle them (SingleChoiceSet,
* Summary, Blanks) and none for one it cannot read, in which case its text goes
* to `unmodelled`.
*/
function parseQuestion(library: string, params: Record<string, unknown>, unmodelled: string[]): H5pQuestion[] {
const name = library.split(/\s+/)[0] ?? library;
const question = (text: string, answers: H5pAnswer[], extra: Partial<H5pQuestion> = {}): H5pQuestion => ({
library,
kind: KIND[name] ?? name.replace(/^H5P\./, ''),
text,
answers,
...extra,
});
switch (name) {
case 'H5P.MultiChoice': {
const answers = (asArray(params.answers) ?? []).map((entry): H5pAnswer => {
const answer = asRecord(entry);
const tip = htmlToText(string(asRecord(answer?.tipsAndFeedback)?.tip) ?? '').trim();
return {
text: htmlToText(string(answer?.text) ?? '').trim(),
correct: answer?.correct === true,
...(tip ? { tip } : {}),
};
});
// `singleAnswer` is what the player uses to choose radio buttons over
// checkboxes, and it is the only honest way to say "tick one".
const single = asRecord(params.behaviour)?.singleAnswer === true;
return [
question(htmlToText(string(params.question) ?? '').trim(), answers, {
multiple: !single && answers.filter((answer) => answer.correct).length !== 1,
}),
];
}
case 'H5P.TrueFalse': {
const l10n = asRecord(params.l10n);
const yes = string(l10n?.trueText) ?? 'Wahr';
const no = string(l10n?.falseText) ?? 'Falsch';
// `correct` is the string "true" or "false", not a boolean.
const correct = string(params.correct);
return [
question(htmlToText(string(params.question) ?? '').trim(), [
{ text: yes, correct: correct === 'true' },
{ text: no, correct: correct === 'false' },
]),
];
}
case 'H5P.Blanks': {
const description = htmlToText(string(params.text) ?? '').trim();
return (asArray(params.questions) ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {
const raw = string(entry);
if (!raw) return [];
const { text, answers } = parseCloze(raw);
return [question(text, answers, { body: description || undefined })];
});
}
case 'H5P.DragText':
case 'H5P.MarkTheWords': {
const raw = string(params.textField) ?? '';
const { text, answers } = parseCloze(raw);
const description = htmlToText(string(params.taskDescription) ?? '').trim();
return [question(description || 'Aufgabe', answers, { body: text })];
}
case 'H5P.SingleChoiceSet': {
return (asArray(params.choices) ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {
const choice = asRecord(entry);
const texts = (asArray(choice?.answers) ?? []).map((answer) => htmlToText(string(answer) ?? '').trim());
// The first option is the correct one; the player shuffles them.
const answers = texts.map((text, index): H5pAnswer => ({ text, correct: index === 0 }));
return [question(htmlToText(string(choice?.question) ?? '').trim(), answers)];
});
}
case 'H5P.Summary': {
return (asArray(params.summaries) ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {
const group = asRecord(entry);
const texts = (asArray(group?.summary) ?? []).map((item) => htmlToText(string(item) ?? '').trim());
const answers = texts.map((text, index): H5pAnswer => ({ text, correct: index === 0 }));
return [question(htmlToText(string(params.intro) ?? '').trim() || 'Welche Aussage stimmt?', answers)];
});
}
case 'H5P.Column': {
// A column stacks sub-contents; each carries its own library.
return (asArray(params.content) ?? []).flatMap((entry) => {
const inner = asRecord(asRecord(entry)?.content);
const innerParams = asRecord(inner?.params);
const innerLibrary = string(inner?.library) ?? 'unknown';
return innerParams ? parseQuestion(innerLibrary, innerParams, unmodelled) : [];
});
}
default: {
const harvested = harvest(params);
if (harvested.length > 0) unmodelled.push(`${name}: ${harvested.join(' | ')}`);
return [];
}
}
}
/** Short names for the libraries worth naming; anything else keeps its own. */
const KIND: Record<string, string> = {
'H5P.MultiChoice': 'multiple choice',
'H5P.TrueFalse': 'true/false',
'H5P.Blanks': 'fill in the blanks',
'H5P.DragText': 'drag the words',
'H5P.MarkTheWords': 'mark the words',
'H5P.SingleChoiceSet': 'single choice',
'H5P.Summary': 'pick the correct statement',
};
/**
* A cloze text: H5P marks the solutions inline as `*answer:tip*`, with
* alternatives separated by slashes.
*/
export function parseCloze(raw: string): { text: string; answers: H5pAnswer[] } {
const answers: H5pAnswer[] = [];
const text = htmlToText(
raw.replace(/\*([^*]+)\*/g, (_, body: string) => {
const [solutions, tip] = body.split(':');
const alternatives = (solutions ?? '').split('/').map((part) => part.trim()).filter(Boolean);
answers.push({
text: alternatives.join(' / '),
correct: true,
...(tip?.trim() ? { tip: tip.trim() } : {}),
});
return `____ (${answers.length})`;
}),
).trim();
return { text, answers };
}
/**
* Every bit of task text in an unmodelled library.
*
* Deliberately blunt — it cannot know which field is the question — but it
* skips the subtrees that hold button labels and display settings, which
* otherwise drown the content in "Überprüfen" and "Wiederholen".
*/
const SKIP_KEYS = new Set([
'UI',
'l10n',
'behaviour',
'overallFeedback',
'confirmCheck',
'confirmRetry',
'media',
'localization',
'a11y',
'accessibility',
'scoreBarLabel',
'texts',
'endGame',
'override',
]);
function harvest(value: unknown, depth = 0, out: string[] = []): string[] {
if (depth > 6 || out.length > 40) return out;
if (typeof value === 'string') {
const text = htmlToText(value).trim();
// Two characters of prose, not a colour code or a library version.
if (text.length > 2 && /\p{L}{2}/u.test(text) && !out.includes(text)) out.push(text);
return out;
}
if (Array.isArray(value)) {
for (const item of value) harvest(item, depth + 1, out);
return out;
}
const record = asRecord(value);
if (record) {
for (const [key, item] of Object.entries(record)) {
if (SKIP_KEYS.has(key)) continue;
harvest(item, depth + 1, out);
}
}
return out;
}
function asRecord(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> | undefined {
return value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value) ? (value as Record<string, unknown>) : undefined;
}
function asArray(value: unknown): unknown[] | undefined {
return Array.isArray(value) ? value : undefined;
}
function string(value: unknown): string | undefined {
return typeof value === 'string' ? value : undefined;
}

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@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
import type { CrawledBoard, Snapshot } from './crawl.ts';
import { h5pSearchText } from './h5p.ts';
import { matchesAll, snippet, tokenize } from './text.ts';
/**
@@ -44,6 +45,8 @@ function matchBoards(
// Pad contents are searched by the index; without this the live
// crawl path would quietly disagree with it.
if (element.padText) parts.push(element.padText);
// Same corpus as the index, or a live search would disagree with it.
if (element.h5p) parts.push(h5pSearchText(element.h5p));
if (element.url) parts.push(element.url);
for (const file of element.files) parts.push(file.name);
}

View File

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { registerResources } from './resources.ts';
import { registerContentTools } from './tools/content.ts';
import { registerFileTools } from './tools/files.ts';
import { registerFilesystemTools } from './tools/filesystem.ts';
import { registerH5pTools } from './tools/h5p.ts';
import { registerOverviewTools } from './tools/overview.ts';
import { registerRawTool } from './tools/raw.ts';
import { registerIndexTools } from './tools/index-tools.ts';
@@ -28,6 +29,9 @@ How the content is organised, and the usual path through it:
text block, link and attached file in one call.
- **Topics / lessons** ("Themen") — the older format. get_lesson.
- **Tasks** ("Aufgaben") — homework. list_tasks across all courses, get_task for one.
- **Quizzes and interactive exercises** are H5P elements on a board ("Quiz", "Test", "Übung"). get_board names
one and says how many questions it holds; get_h5p returns all of them with the correct options marked — the
player steps through one at a time, this does not. search finds their question text too.
- **Files** hang off boards, lessons and tasks. Every listing shows file ids; download_file fetches one and
extracts its text (PDF, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OpenDocument) or returns an image inline.
- **The file manager ("Dateien")** is a separate store with a real folder tree, browsed with the fs_* tools:
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@ export function createServer(config: Config, services?: Services): { server: Mcp
registerRoomTools(server, context);
registerFileTools(server, context);
registerFilesystemTools(server, context);
registerH5pTools(server, context);
registerSearchTool(server, context);
registerSubmissionTools(server, context);
registerIndexTools(server, context);

View File

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ export function registerContentTools(server: McpServer, context: ServerContext):
const board = await assembleBoard(context.client, boardId, schoolId, {
resolveFiles: includeFiles,
resolvePads: context.config,
resolveH5p: true,
});
return text(formatBoard(board, includeFiles));
} catch (error) {
@@ -478,8 +479,21 @@ function formatElement(element: AssembledElement, includeFiles: boolean): string
case 'h5p': {
// Schulcloud has no quiz of its own: interactive exercises are H5P, and
// this id is the only way to reach the content behind one.
const content = element.h5pContentId ? ` — H5P content \`${element.h5pContentId}\`` : '';
return `- H5P interactive content \`${element.id}\`${content}`;
const content = element.h5pContentId ? ` \`${element.h5pContentId}\`` : '';
if (!element.h5p) {
return `- H5P interactive content \`${element.id}\`${content ? ` — H5P content${content}` : ''}`;
}
// Summarised rather than inlined: a question set runs to twenty
// questions with their options, which would bury the rest of the board.
// get_h5p prints them, and search reaches their text either way.
const quiz = element.h5p;
const kinds = [...new Set(quiz.questions.map((question) => question.kind))].join(', ');
const count = quiz.questions.length;
const unread = quiz.unmodelled.length > 0 ? `, ${quiz.unmodelled.length} part(s) this server cannot model` : '';
return (
`- **H5P exercise: ${quiz.title}** — ${count} question(s)${kinds ? ` (${kinds})` : ''}${unread}, ` +
`content${content} — all of it with get_h5p`
);
}
case 'deleted': {
// Saying what it was beats "(deleted element)": the title often names

93
src/mcp/tools/h5p.ts Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
/**
* The H5P tool: a quiz in full, rather than one question at a time.
*
* The board tells you an exercise exists and how many questions it holds; this
* prints them. Kept out of the board on purpose — twenty questions with their
* options would bury everything else on it.
*/
import type { McpServer } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/mcp.js';
import { z } from 'zod';
import type { ServerContext } from '../../context.ts';
import { heading, joinSections } from '../../core/text.ts';
import { readH5pContent, type H5pContent, type H5pQuestion } from '../../core/h5p.ts';
import { text, toToolError } from './result.ts';
const READ_ONLY = { readOnlyHint: true, destructiveHint: false, idempotentHint: true, openWorldHint: true };
export function registerH5pTools(server: McpServer, context: ServerContext): void {
server.registerTool(
'get_h5p',
{
title: 'Get H5P exercise',
description:
'An interactive exercise in full: every question, every option, and which of them is correct. This ' +
'is how to read a quiz ("Quiz", "Test", "Übung") that a teacher built into a board — Schulcloud has ' +
'no quiz of its own, so these are H5P elements, and get_board lists them with the content id this ' +
'takes. The player shows one question at a time; this returns all of them at once, so there is ' +
'nothing to step through. Pass solutions=false to get the questions without the answers, for asking ' +
'the user them one by one.',
inputSchema: {
contentId: z
.string()
.describe('H5P content id, as get_board prints it for an H5P element (not the element id).'),
solutions: z
.boolean()
.default(true)
.describe('Mark the correct options. Turn off to quiz the user without giving the answers away.'),
},
annotations: READ_ONLY,
},
async ({ contentId, solutions }) => {
try {
return text(formatH5p(await readH5pContent(context.client, contentId), solutions));
} catch (error) {
return toToolError(error, `read H5P content ${contentId}`);
}
},
);
}
export function formatH5p(content: H5pContent, solutions: boolean): string {
const facts = [
`- Content id: \`${content.contentId}\``,
`- Type: ${content.library}`,
`- Questions: ${content.questions.length}`,
content.passPercentage !== undefined ? `- Pass mark: ${content.passPercentage}%` : undefined,
solutions ? undefined : '- _Solutions withheld: call again with solutions=true to see them._',
].filter(Boolean);
return joinSections([
heading(2, content.title),
facts.join('\n'),
content.intro,
...content.questions.map((question, index) => formatQuestion(question, index + 1, solutions)),
content.questions.length === 0 && content.unmodelled.length === 0
? '_This exercise holds no questions this server can read._'
: undefined,
// Never silently dropped: an exercise type this server does not model
// still has its text reported, labelled for what it is.
content.unmodelled.length > 0
? joinSections([
heading(3, 'Parts this server cannot model'),
'_Read as plain text, so the structure of these is lost:_',
content.unmodelled.map((part) => `- ${part}`).join('\n'),
])
: undefined,
]);
}
function formatQuestion(question: H5pQuestion, number: number, solutions: boolean): string {
const hint = question.multiple ? ', several correct' : '';
const label = `${number}. ${question.text || '(no question text)'}`;
const options = question.answers.map((answer) => {
const tip = answer.tip ? ` _(Hinweis: ${answer.tip})_` : '';
if (!solutions || answer.correct === undefined) return `- ${answer.text}${tip}`;
return answer.correct ? `- **${answer.text}** ✔${tip}` : `- ${answer.text}${tip}`;
});
return joinSections([
heading(3, `${label} _(${question.kind}${hint})_`),
question.body,
options.length > 0 ? options.join('\n') : '_(no options)_',
]);
}