# `faddsx` — Floating Add Single

> **Category:** [Floating-Point](../categories/fpu.md) · **Form:** [A](../forms/A.md) · **Opcode:** `0xec00002a`

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## Assembler Mnemonics

| Mnemonic | XML entry | Flags | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `fadds` | `faddsx` | — | Floating Add Single |
| `fadds.` | `faddsx` | Rc=1 | Floating Add Single |

## Syntax

```asm
fadds[Rc] [FD], [FA], [FB]
```

## Encoding

### `faddsx` — form `A`

- **Opcode word:** `0xec00002a`
- **Primary opcode (bits 0–5):** `59`
- **Extended opcode:** `21`
- **Synchronising:** no

| Bits | Field | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 0–5 | `OPCD` | primary opcode (59 or 63) |
| 6–10 | `FRT` | destination FPR |
| 11–15 | `FRA` | source A FPR |
| 16–20 | `FRB` | source B FPR |
| 21–25 | `FRC` | source C FPR (multiplier for madd-style ops) |
| 26–30 | `XO` | extended opcode (5 bits) |
| 31 | `Rc` | record-form flag (updates CR1) |

## Operands

| Field | Role | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `FA` | faddsx: read | Source A floating-point register (`fr0`–`fr31`). |
| `FB` | faddsx: read | Source B floating-point register. |
| `FD` | faddsx: write | Destination floating-point register. |
| `CR` | faddsx: write (conditional) | Condition-register update. When `Rc=1`, CR field 0 (or CR6 for vector compares, CR1 for FPU) is updated from the result. |
| `FPSCR` | faddsx: write | Floating-Point Status and Control Register. |

## Register Effects

### `faddsx`

- **Reads (always):** `FA`, `FB`
- **Reads (conditional):** _none_
- **Writes (always):** `FD`, `FPSCR`
- **Writes (conditional):** `CR`

## Status-Register Effects

- `faddsx`: **CR1** ← FPSCR[FX, FEX, VX, OX] when `Rc=1`.; **FPSCR** updated per IEEE-754 flags (FX, FEX, FPRF, FR, FI, exceptions).

## Operation (pseudocode)

```
FRT <- RoundToSingle(FRA + FRB)          ; single-precision
```

## C Translation Example

```c
/* No hand-written C yet. Translate the Canary emitter snapshot   */
/* under Implementation References; its HIR maps directly:        */
/*   f.LoadGPR(n) / f.StoreGPR(n, v)  -> r[n] / r[n] = v          */
/*   f.LoadFPR / StoreFPR, f.LoadVR / StoreVR -> f[n], v[n]        */
/*   f.Load(ea, T), f.Store(ea, v) -> raw read / write; emitters   */
/*     wrap them in f.ByteSwap for the big-endian guest value      */
/*   f.UpdateCR(n, v)  -> CR field n from v's LOW 32 BITS vs 0     */
/*   f.LoadCA / f.StoreCA -> xer.CA;  f.StoreSAT -> vscr.SAT       */
/*   i.XO.RA, i.D.DS, ... -> the bit-fields listed under Operands  */
/* The Register Effects and Status-Register Effects tables above  */
/* enumerate every side effect a faithful translation must emit.  */
```

## Implementation References

**`faddsx`**
- Canary XML: [`tools/ppc-instructions.xml` — search for `mnem="faddsx"`](https://github.com/xenia-canary/xenia-canary/blob/f21ebd49e979e44f081f474df78c3fbfee9cb3f2/tools/ppc-instructions.xml)
- Canary emitter: [`src/xenia/cpu/ppc/ppc_emit_fpu.cc:46`](https://github.com/xenia-canary/xenia-canary/blob/f21ebd49e979e44f081f474df78c3fbfee9cb3f2/src/xenia/cpu/ppc/ppc_emit_fpu.cc#L46)
- Sylpheed opcode: [`crates/sylpheed-ppc/src/opcode.rs:65`](../../../crates/sylpheed-ppc/src/opcode.rs#L65)
- Sylpheed decoder: [`crates/sylpheed-ppc/src/decoder.rs:503`](../../../crates/sylpheed-ppc/src/decoder.rs#L503)
<details><summary>Canary emitter (frozen snapshot @ <code>f21ebd49e9</code>)</summary>

```cpp
int InstrEmit_faddsx(PPCHIRBuilder& f, const InstrData& i) {
  // frD <- (frA) + (frB)
  Value* v = f.Add(f.LoadFPR(i.A.FRA), f.LoadFPR(i.A.FRB));
  v = f.ToSingle(v);
  f.StoreFPR(i.A.FRT, v);
  f.UpdateFPSCR(v, i.A.Rc);
  return 0;
}
```
</details>

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## Special Cases & Edge Conditions

- **Single precision via double FPRs.** The trailing `s` in the mnemonic means the result is rounded to IEEE-754 binary32 after the addition, then re-encoded into the 64-bit FPR using the binary64 representation of that single-precision value. The host computes `to_single(a + b)`; both source operands are read as full binary64.
- **FPSCR side effects.** Hardware updates `FPRF` (result class), `FR`/`FI` (rounding info), `FX`, and the exception bits — `OX` on overflow, `UX` on underflow, `XX` on inexact, `VXISI` on `±∞ − ±∞`, `VXSNAN` on a signalling-NaN input. Canary does not compute them: its `UpdateFPSCR` is a stub that clears `FEX` and `VX`, leaves every other FPSCR bit unchanged and, with `Rc=1`, writes CR1 as all zeros. Don't depend on cross-instruction FPSCR observation when matching Canary.
- **`Rc=1` (`fadds.`)** copies `FPSCR[FX, FEX, VX, OX]` into CR1 on hardware. Canary's `UpdateFPSCR` stub instead writes CR1 as all zeros.
- **NaN propagation.** Any NaN input yields a quiet NaN result; signalling NaNs are quietened (signalling bit cleared) per PowerISA. Host-native `f64 +` may not perform that quietening on every platform.
- **`±∞ − ±∞` after rounding.** Although `+`-shaped, opposite-signed infinities still produce `QNaN(VXISI)`.
- **Denormal flush.** That Xenon boots with `FPSCR[NI]=1` is unverified. Canary starts every guest thread in IEEE mode (MXCSR `0x1F80`; its init comment flags the startup state as unchecked) and turns on the host's flush-to-zero (`MXCSR.FZ`) only when the guest sets `NI` through `mtfsf`/`mtfsfi`.
- **Rounding mode** uses `FPSCR[RN]` (00 nearest-even, 01 toward 0, 10 toward +∞, 11 toward −∞). Default is nearest-even and is rarely changed.
- **A-form encoding ignores `FRC`.** Bits 21–25 are don't-care for the add family.

## Related Instructions

- [`faddx`](faddx.md) — double-precision sibling.
- [`fsubsx`](fsubsx.md), [`fmulsx`](fmulsx.md), [`fdivsx`](fdivsx.md) — other single-precision arithmetic ops.
- [`fmaddsx`](fmaddsx.md), [`fmsubsx`](fmsubsx.md), [`fnmaddsx`](fnmaddsx.md), [`fnmsubsx`](fnmsubsx.md) — fused multiply-add single-precision family (single rounding step).
- [`frspx`](frspx.md) — explicit double→single rounding helper; `fadds` is essentially `frsp(fadd)` fused into one rounding.
- [`mffsx`](../control/mffsx.md), [`mtfsfx`](../control/mtfsfx.md) — read/write FPSCR for rounding-mode and exception control.

## IBM Reference

- [AIX 7.3 — `fadds` (Floating Add Single)](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.3.0?topic=set-fadds-floating-add-single-instruction)
- [PowerISA v2.07B, Book I, Chapter 4 — Floating-Point Processor](https://openpowerfoundation.org/specifications/isa/) (single-precision rounding rules and FPSCR side effects).