re(flight): the linear discrepancy is a world-unit vs displayed-speed difference

Screenshotting the HUD speed readout at each throttle step, beside the
position-derived measurement of the same moment:

  RT 0.00   HUD 350 (= CruisingVelocity)   position ~447   ratio 1.28
  RT 0.25   HUD 507                        position ~652   ratio 1.29
  RT 0.75   HUD 963                        position ~1141  ratio 1.19

So (a) the HUD speaks the definition's units — exactly CruisingVelocity at neutral,
963 at three-quarters against the 987 the interpolation predicts — confirming the
throttle law in the game's own numbers without any position sampling; and (b) world
displacement runs ~1.2x the displayed speed. Since settled angular rates need no such
factor, this is a unit difference between the position triple and the velocity
fields, not a clock effect: a reimplementation moving entities at MaximumVelocity in
world coordinates will be ~20% slow.

Also fixes speed_law.find_player: a mission holds more than one *_Player object and
at least one never moves, so the finder now samples each candidate twice and keeps
the one that displaces. Locking onto the static one is what produced a run of exact
zeros while the game was visibly flying.

🟡 The ratio is 1.19-1.29 rather than a clean constant and every sample was taken in
a firefight; pinning it wants a quiet map.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NptfmpjdpNCKEez6d2xvA9

docs/re/captures/throttle-curve-hud.csv

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docs/re/flight-speed-law.md

@@ -261,3 +261,45 @@ not discriminate lerp-versus-switch, because at half throttle the craft only rea
 this probe's noise.
 
 Raw samples: [`captures/turn-law-settled.csv`](captures/turn-law-settled.csv).
+
+---
+
+# The linear discrepancy is real, and it is between WORLD units and DISPLAYED speed
+
+Last section removed the "time base" explanation by showing settled *angular* rates
+match the definition exactly. That leaves the linear side, and the HUD settles it:
+screenshotting the speed readout at each throttle step, next to the position-derived
+measurement of the same moment
+([`captures/throttle-curve-hud.csv`](captures/throttle-curve-hud.csv)):
+
+| `RT` | HUD readout | position-derived | ratio |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| 0.00 | **350** (= `CruisingVelocity`) | ~447 | 1.28 |
+| 0.25 | **507** | ~652 | 1.29 |
+| 0.75 | **963** | ~1 141 | 1.19 |
+
+Two things follow.
+
+* **The HUD speaks the definition's language.** It reads exactly `CruisingVelocity`
+  at neutral and climbs toward `MaximumVelocity` as the trigger is pressed — 963 at
+  three-quarters, against the 987 the interpolation predicts. So the throttle law
+  stated above is confirmed in the game's *own* units, independent of any position
+  sampling.
+* **World displacement runs ~1.2× the displayed speed.** Since the angular rates
+  need no such factor, this is not a clock effect: it is a **unit difference between
+  the position triple and the velocity fields**. A reimplementation that places
+  entities in world coordinates and moves them at `MaximumVelocity` will be ~20 %
+  slow.
+
+🟡 The ratio is 1.19–1.29 across the three points rather than a clean constant, and
+every sample was taken in a firefight where the craft is also being pushed. Pinning
+it exactly wants a quiet map or a scripted straight run; the *existence and rough
+size* of the factor is what these measurements support.
+
+**A methodological note worth keeping.** This line of work went: hold a trigger →
+"three target speeds" → analogue interpolation → an unexplained 1.2× → "time base"
+→ withdrawn → a *unit* difference confined to the linear side. Every step came from
+one of two moves: **let a held input vary** (the trigger's analogue range), or
+**bring in an independent oracle** (the HUD, the definitions, a longer settle). The
+wrong turn — the time base — came from explaining a number instead of first
+measuring the same quantity a second, cleaner way.

tools/re-capture/speed_law.py

@@ -19,13 +19,29 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 import gworld, entities2
 
 def find_player(retries=8):
+    """Lock onto the player object that is actually FLYING.
+
+    A mission holds more than one `*_Player` object — `entities2 list` shows two —
+    and at least one of them never moves. Taking the first match locks onto that
+    one, and then every probe reads a speed of exactly 0 while the game is visibly
+    flying (and the HUD keeps reading 350). So sample each candidate twice and keep
+    the one that displaces."""
     for _ in range(retries):
         w = gworld.World()
         defs = entities2.definitions(w)
         movers = entities2.moving(w.fd, w.size)
-        for off, nm, pos, sp in entities2.typed(w.fd, defs, movers, 0x130):
+        cands = [(off, nm) for off, nm, _, _ in entities2.typed(w.fd, defs, movers, 0x130)
-            if nm.endswith("_Player"):
+                 if nm.endswith("_Player")]
-                return w, off, nm
+        best = None
+        for off, nm in cands:
+            a = pos_at(w.fd, off)
+            time.sleep(0.3)
+            b = pos_at(w.fd, off)
+            d = sum((b[i] - a[i]) ** 2 for i in range(3)) ** 0.5
+            if best is None or d > best[0]:
+                best = (d, off, nm)
+        if best and best[0] > 0.5:
+            return w, best[1], best[2]
         time.sleep(2)
     return None, None, None
 

tools/re-capture/throttle_curve.py

@@ -34,7 +34,12 @@ def main():
     for v in (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0):
         pad("trig", "RT", "0.0"); pad("trig", "LT", "0.0")
         pad("trig", axis, str(v))
-        time.sleep(2.5)                       # let the speed converge before sampling
+        time.sleep(6.0)                       # settle: 5 s+ is what the turn-rate fix showed is needed
+        # Screenshot the HUD at the settled speed: its readout is in the
+        # DEFINITION's unit (it shows 350 at neutral = CruisingVelocity), so it is
+        # the ground truth the position-derived number has to be compared against.
+        subprocess.run(["screenshot", f"/sylph-home/re/shots/hud_{axis}_{v}.png"],
+                       capture_output=True)
         seq, t0 = [], time.time()
         while time.time() - t0 < dwell:
             seq.append((round(time.time() - t0, 3), *speed_law.pos_at(w.fd, off)))