Syplheed-Reborn/docs/re/structures/ui-paint-order-derived-check.md

✅ Does the derived paint order reproduce the measured ones? Mostly — and the gap is bounded

Status: ✅ checked, with numbers. compose uses a paint order measured from the running game for the builds that have one and falls back to derived_paint_order — a sort on each sprite's layer key — everywhere else. The code's doc comment claimed the derived order "reproduces both measured orders up to ties". That was a hedge with no measurement behind it, and it was stale: there are three measured orders now, not two.

Tool: cargo run -p sylpheed-formats --example paint_order_audit -- dat/GP_TITLE.pak. Output committed at data/paint-order-audit.txt.

The claim holds, and the exception is all ties

build	derived == measured	inverted pairs	of which same-key ties
main menu (entries 5, 8)	YES	0	—
developer splash (11, 14)	YES	0	—
title (entry 4)	NO	8	8 — every one

Four of the five measured bundles reproduce exactly. The title's eight disagreements are all between elements that share a layer key, which the sort cannot order and breaks by declaration index.

⚠️ Two of those ties are total occlusions

The tied family is the five ptlogo_back2eff glows, all key 32899:

measured paints: 14, 15, 18, 16, 17
derived  paints: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

Two pairs flip, and they are not near-misses:

pair	overlap
back2eff5 vs back2eff3	82 824 px²	100 % of the smaller
back2eff5 vs back2eff4	152 047 px²	100 % of the smaller

back2eff5 is 1133×280 and fully contains both. Derived paints it on top of two glows it completely covers; the game paints it underneath. So a tie-break by declaration index is not cosmetic — where it is wrong, it can be wrong by a whole layer. ✅ The title is unaffected in practice, because it has a measured order.

✅ The port's actual exposure is two element pairs

Per build, counting tied pairs and how many of them overlap (only those can paint visibly differently):

entry	the port's screen	order used	tied pairs	overlapping
4	title	measured	—	—
5	main menu	measured (derived agrees exactly)	0	0
6	EXTRAS	derived	15	2
10	publisher splash	derived	0	0
11	developer splash	measured	—	—

So of the five screens, one rests on an unverified derived order, and its risk is two overlapping tied pairs — not the 15 the raw tie count suggests. The publisher splash's derived order is fully determined (no ties at all).

🟡 For completeness, outside the port's set: entry 7 (the Japanese title) is the worst on the disc at 37 tied pairs, 16 overlapping.

Reach

• This checks the derived order against the orders measured from the running game; it is not an independent derivation of what the game does. Where no measured order exists, agreement cannot be checked at all — only the tie exposure can, which is what the table above reports.
• Overlap uses pivot × 2 as the element's size (documented as the sprite's own dimensions for a .t32) at its resting placement, so scaled or rotated elements are approximated.

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❔ The tie-break is undecodable from the bundle — searched, with reach

The audit above leaves one question: the layer key orders elements, but what orders elements that share a key? On the title that tie-break decides two total occlusions, so it is not academic.

The game paints the five tied ptlogo_back2eff glows in the order eff1, eff2, eff5, eff3, eff4. Three static structures were searched for anything that reproduces it.

1. The declaration table. Entries 14–18 are byte-identical apart from the pivot, which is just half the sprite's own size:

14 ptlogo_back2eff1  00000000 ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 ffffffff 0000004e 0000003c 00000000
15 ptlogo_back2eff2  00000000 ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 ffffffff 00000074 0000005b 00000000
16 ptlogo_back2eff3  00000000 ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 ffffffff 000000aa 0000005b 00000000
17 ptlogo_back2eff4  00000000 ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 ffffffff 00000149 0000005b 00000000
18 ptlogo_back2eff5  00000000 ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 ffffffff 000001fb 0000007e 00000000

2. The T8aD headers. All five carry identical +0x04 (0x8832) and identical +0x08/+0x0A (32899, the layer key itself). They differ only in position and tile count. Searched exhaustively: every offset 0x00–0x7f, at u8, u16 and u32 width, sorted both ascending and descending —

fields sorting to the measured order	0
fields sorting to the declaration order (control)	64

The control matters: 64 fields can be found that reproduce a known ordering, so the scan is capable of finding an ordering field when one exists. It finds none for the order the game uses.

3. The RATC child order — the bundle's second element list, which is genuinely a different permutation from the declaration table on other screens. For this family it reads eff1, eff2, eff3, eff4, eff5: declaration order again.

The answer

❔ Undecodable from the bundle, with reach. All three static orderings give eff1…eff5; the game gives eff1, eff2, eff5, eff3, eff4. That is consistent with what ui-screen-runtime already concluded from the other direction — the game builds a reordered child list at load time and paints that.

So Q3 resolves as: the layer key is ✅ decoded and orders 4 of the 5 measured bundles exactly; the tie-break within a key is ❔ undecodable, and a consumer must either use a measured order or accept declaration index as an arbitrary stand-in.

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✅ EXTRAS's exposure narrows to ONE pair — and the capture is consistent with it

The 15 tied pairs on EXTRAS reduce twice.

2 of the 15 overlap (only an overlapping tie can paint differently):

[0]  ptframe3.t32  x  [1]  ptframe4.t32   key 32848  overlap 102x132
[14] ptloop01.rat  x  [15] ptloop02.rat   key 32784  overlap 400x180

1 of those 2 can be drawn. ptloop01/ptloop02 are loop* sprite animations, which compose skips unless --animated is passed, so their tie is unreachable in a default render. The real exposure is ptframe3 × ptframe4, overlapping 102 × 132 px at x 584–686, y 318–450.

The capture is consistent with our order

Correlating our render against live-extras.png:

region	correlation
the contested overlap (x 584–686, y 318–450)	+0.9622
ptframe3 alone, outside the overlap	+0.8502
ptframe4 alone, outside the overlap	+0.9903
whole frame	+0.9440

The contested region matches better than the frame as a whole and sits inside the range of regions where order cannot matter. Were our tie-break wrong, that region should correlate worse than its neighbours.

🟡 Consistent with, not proof. Correlation cannot see a swap if the two frames happen to be locally similar. But it is a real check, and it removes the "entirely unverified" character of the one tie the port can actually hit.

So the chain is: 15 tied pairs → 2 overlapping → 1 drawable → consistent with the capture. That is the whole paint-order risk on the port's five screens.