/**
 ******************************************************************************
 * Xenia : Xbox 360 Emulator Research Project                                 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright 2018 Ben Vanik. All rights reserved.                             *
 * Released under the BSD license - see LICENSE in the root for more details. *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

#include "xenia/gpu/d3d12/texture_cache.h"

#include "third_party/xxhash/xxhash.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cfloat>
#include <cstring>

#include "xenia/base/assert.h"
#include "xenia/base/clock.h"
#include "xenia/base/cvar.h"
#include "xenia/base/logging.h"
#include "xenia/base/math.h"
#include "xenia/base/profiling.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/d3d12/d3d12_command_processor.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/gpu_flags.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/texture_info.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/texture_util.h"
#include "xenia/ui/d3d12/d3d12_util.h"
#include "xenia/ui/d3d12/pools.h"

DEFINE_int32(d3d12_resolution_scale, 1,
             "Scale of rendering width and height (currently only 1 and 2 "
             "are available).",
             "D3D12");
DEFINE_int32(d3d12_texture_cache_limit_soft, 384,
             "Maximum host texture memory usage (in megabytes) above which old "
             "textures will be destroyed (lifetime configured with "
             "d3d12_texture_cache_limit_soft_lifetime). If using 2x resolution "
             "scale, 1.25x of this is used.",
             "D3D12");
DEFINE_int32(d3d12_texture_cache_limit_soft_lifetime, 30,
             "Seconds a texture should be unused to be considered old enough "
             "to be deleted if texture memory usage exceeds "
             "d3d12_texture_cache_limit_soft.",
             "D3D12");
DEFINE_int32(d3d12_texture_cache_limit_hard, 768,
             "Maximum host texture memory usage (in megabytes) above which "
             "textures will be destroyed as soon as possible. If using 2x "
             "resolution scale, 1.25x of this is used.",
             "D3D12");

namespace xe {
namespace gpu {
namespace d3d12 {

// Generated with `xb buildhlsl`.
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_128bpb_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_128bpb_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_16bpb_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_16bpb_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_32bpb_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_32bpb_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_64bpb_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_64bpb_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_8bpb_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_8bpb_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_ctx1_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_depth_float_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_depth_float_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_depth_unorm_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_depth_unorm_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_dxn_rg8_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_dxt1_rgba8_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_dxt3_rgba8_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_dxt3a_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_dxt3aas1111_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_dxt5_rgba8_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_dxt5a_r8_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_snorm_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_snorm_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_snorm_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_snorm_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r4g4b4a4_b4g4r4a4_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r4g4b4a4_b4g4r4a4_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r5g5b5a1_b5g5r5a1_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r5g5b5a1_b5g5r5a1_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r5g5b6_b5g6r5_swizzle_rbga_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r5g5b6_b5g6r5_swizzle_rbga_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r5g6b5_b5g6r5_2x_cs.h"
#include "xenia/gpu/shaders/bytecode/d3d12_5_1/texture_load_r5g6b5_b5g6r5_cs.h"

// For formats with less than 4 components, assuming the last component is
// replicated into the non-existent ones, similar to what is done for unused
// components of operands in shaders.
// For DXT3A and DXT5A, RRRR swizzle is specified in:
// http://fileadmin.cs.lth.se/cs/Personal/Michael_Doggett/talks/unc-xenos-doggett.pdf
// Halo 3 also expects replicated components in k_8 sprites.
// DXN is read as RG in Halo 3, but as RA in Call of Duty.
// TODO(Triang3l): Find out the correct contents of unused texture components.
const TextureCache::HostFormat TextureCache::host_formats_[64] = {
    // k_1_REVERSE
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_1
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_8
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k8bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_1_5_5_5
    // Red and blue swapped in the load shader for simplicity.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR5G5B5A1ToB5G5R5A1,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_5_6_5
    // Red and blue swapped in the load shader for simplicity.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR5G6B5ToB5G6R5,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 2}},
    // k_6_5_5
    // On the host, green bits in blue, blue bits in green.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR5G5B6ToB5G6R5WithRBGASwizzle,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 2, 1, 1}},
    // k_8_8_8_8
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_2_10_10_10
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_8_A
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k8bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_8_B
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_8_8
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k16bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_Cr_Y1_Cb_Y0_REP
    // Red and blue probably must be swapped, similar to k_Y1_Cr_Y0_Cb_REP.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_G8R8_G8B8_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_G8R8_G8B8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {2, 1, 0, 3}},
    // k_Y1_Cr_Y0_Cb_REP
    // Used for videos in NBA 2K9. Red and blue must be swapped.
    // TODO(Triang3l): D3DFMT_G8R8_G8B8 is DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM * 255.0f,
    // watch out for num_format int, division in shaders, etc., in NBA 2K9 it
    // works as is. Also need to decompress if the size is uneven, but should be
    // a very rare case.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {2, 1, 0, 3}},
    // k_16_16_EDRAM
    // Not usable as a texture, also has -32...32 range.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_8_8_8_8_A
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_4_4_4_4
    // Red and blue swapped in the load shader for simplicity.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR4G4B4A4ToB4G4R4A4,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_10_11_11
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR11G11B10ToRGBA16,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kR11G11B10ToRGBA16SNorm,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 2}},
    // k_11_11_10
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR10G11B11ToRGBA16,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kR10G11B11ToRGBA16SNorm,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 2}},
    // k_DXT1
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k64bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT1ToRGBA8,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_DXT2_3
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k128bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT3ToRGBA8,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_DXT4_5
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k128bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT5ToRGBA8,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_16_16_16_16_EDRAM
    // Not usable as a texture, also has -32...32 range.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // R32_FLOAT for depth because shaders would require an additional SRV to
    // sample stencil, which we don't provide.
    // k_24_8
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kDepthUnorm,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_24_8_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kDepthFloat,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k16bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k64bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_16_EXPAND
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k16bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_16_16_EXPAND
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_16_16_16_16_EXPAND
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k64bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_16_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k16bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_16_16_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_16_16_16_16_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k64bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_32
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_32_32
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_32_32_32_32
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_32_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_32_32_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k64bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_32_32_32_32_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::k128bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_32_AS_8
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_32_AS_8_8
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_16_MPEG
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_16_16_MPEG
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_8_INTERLACED
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_32_AS_8_INTERLACED
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_32_AS_8_8_INTERLACED
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_16_INTERLACED
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_16_MPEG_INTERLACED
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_16_16_MPEG_INTERLACED
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_DXN
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k128bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXNToRG8,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_8_8_8_8_AS_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_DXT1_AS_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k64bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT1ToRGBA8,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_DXT2_3_AS_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k128bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT3ToRGBA8,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_DXT4_5_AS_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k128bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT5ToRGBA8,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_2_10_10_10_AS_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k32bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_10_11_11_AS_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR11G11B10ToRGBA16,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kR11G11B10ToRGBA16SNorm,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 2}},
    // k_11_11_10_AS_16_16_16_16
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kR10G11B11ToRGBA16,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM,
     LoadMode::kR10G11B11ToRGBA16SNorm,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 2}},
    // k_32_32_32_FLOAT
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 2}},
    // k_DXT3A
    // R8_UNORM has the same size as BC2, but doesn't have the 4x4 size
    // alignment requirement.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT3A,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_DXT5A
    {DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM,
     LoadMode::k64bpb,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     true,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT5AToR8,
     {0, 0, 0, 0}},
    // k_CTX1
    {DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kCTX1,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 1, 1}},
    // k_DXT3A_AS_1_1_1_1
    {DXGI_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM,
     DXGI_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM,
     LoadMode::kDXT3AAs1111,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_8_8_8_8_GAMMA_EDRAM
    // Not usable as a texture.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
    // k_2_10_10_10_FLOAT_EDRAM
    // Not usable as a texture.
    {DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     false,
     DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
     LoadMode::kUnknown,
     {0, 1, 2, 3}},
};

const char* const TextureCache::dimension_names_[4] = {"1D", "2D", "3D",
                                                       "cube"};

const TextureCache::LoadModeInfo TextureCache::load_mode_info_[] = {
    {texture_load_8bpb_cs, sizeof(texture_load_8bpb_cs), 3, 4,
     texture_load_8bpb_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_8bpb_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_16bpb_cs, sizeof(texture_load_16bpb_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_16bpb_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_16bpb_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_32bpb_cs, sizeof(texture_load_32bpb_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_32bpb_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_32bpb_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_64bpb_cs, sizeof(texture_load_64bpb_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_64bpb_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_64bpb_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_128bpb_cs, sizeof(texture_load_128bpb_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_128bpb_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_128bpb_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_r5g5b5a1_b5g5r5a1_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r5g5b5a1_b5g5r5a1_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_r5g5b5a1_b5g5r5a1_2x_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r5g5b5a1_b5g5r5a1_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_r5g6b5_b5g6r5_cs, sizeof(texture_load_r5g6b5_b5g6r5_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_r5g6b5_b5g6r5_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_r5g6b5_b5g6r5_2x_cs),
     4, 4},
    {texture_load_r5g5b6_b5g6r5_swizzle_rbga_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r5g5b6_b5g6r5_swizzle_rbga_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_r5g5b6_b5g6r5_swizzle_rbga_2x_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r5g5b6_b5g6r5_swizzle_rbga_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_r4g4b4a4_b4g4r4a4_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r4g4b4a4_b4g4r4a4_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_r4g4b4a4_b4g4r4a4_2x_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r4g4b4a4_b4g4r4a4_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_cs, sizeof(texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_cs),
     4, 4, texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_2x_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_snorm_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_snorm_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_snorm_2x_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r10g11b11_rgba16_snorm_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_cs, sizeof(texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_cs),
     4, 4, texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_2x_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_snorm_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_snorm_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_snorm_2x_cs,
     sizeof(texture_load_r11g11b10_rgba16_snorm_2x_cs), 4, 4},
    {texture_load_dxt1_rgba8_cs, sizeof(texture_load_dxt1_rgba8_cs), 4, 4,
     nullptr, 0, 4, 4},
    {texture_load_dxt3_rgba8_cs, sizeof(texture_load_dxt3_rgba8_cs), 4, 4,
     nullptr, 0, 4, 4},
    {texture_load_dxt5_rgba8_cs, sizeof(texture_load_dxt5_rgba8_cs), 4, 4,
     nullptr, 0, 4, 4},
    {texture_load_dxn_rg8_cs, sizeof(texture_load_dxn_rg8_cs), 4, 4, nullptr, 0,
     4, 4},
    {texture_load_dxt3a_cs, sizeof(texture_load_dxt3a_cs), 4, 4, nullptr, 0, 4,
     4},
    {texture_load_dxt3aas1111_cs, sizeof(texture_load_dxt3aas1111_cs), 4, 4,
     nullptr, 0, 4, 4},
    {texture_load_dxt5a_r8_cs, sizeof(texture_load_dxt5a_r8_cs), 4, 4, nullptr,
     0, 4, 4},
    {texture_load_ctx1_cs, sizeof(texture_load_ctx1_cs), 4, 4, nullptr, 0, 4,
     4},
    {texture_load_depth_unorm_cs, sizeof(texture_load_depth_unorm_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_depth_unorm_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_depth_unorm_2x_cs), 4,
     4},
    {texture_load_depth_float_cs, sizeof(texture_load_depth_float_cs), 4, 4,
     texture_load_depth_float_2x_cs, sizeof(texture_load_depth_float_2x_cs), 4,
     4},
};

TextureCache::TextureCache(D3D12CommandProcessor& command_processor,
                           const RegisterFile& register_file,
                           bool bindless_resources_used,
                           SharedMemory& shared_memory)
    : command_processor_(command_processor),
      register_file_(register_file),
      bindless_resources_used_(bindless_resources_used),
      shared_memory_(shared_memory) {}

TextureCache::~TextureCache() { Shutdown(); }

bool TextureCache::Initialize(bool edram_rov_used) {
  auto& provider = command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider();
  auto device = provider.GetDevice();

  // Try to create the tiled buffer 2x resolution scaling.
  // Not currently supported with the RTV/DSV output path for various reasons.
  if (cvars::d3d12_resolution_scale >= 2 && edram_rov_used &&
      provider.GetTiledResourcesTier() !=
          D3D12_TILED_RESOURCES_TIER_NOT_SUPPORTED &&
      provider.GetVirtualAddressBitsPerResource() >=
          kScaledResolveBufferSizeLog2) {
    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC scaled_resolve_buffer_desc;
    ui::d3d12::util::FillBufferResourceDesc(
        scaled_resolve_buffer_desc, kScaledResolveBufferSize,
        D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_ALLOW_UNORDERED_ACCESS);
    scaled_resolve_buffer_state_ = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
    if (FAILED(device->CreateReservedResource(
            &scaled_resolve_buffer_desc, scaled_resolve_buffer_state_, nullptr,
            IID_PPV_ARGS(&scaled_resolve_buffer_)))) {
      XELOGE(
          "Texture cache: Failed to create the 2 GB tiled buffer for 2x "
          "resolution scale - switching to 1x");
    }
    scaled_resolve_buffer_uav_writes_commit_needed_ = false;
    const uint32_t scaled_resolve_page_dword_count =
        (512 * 1024 * 1024) / 4096 / 32;
    scaled_resolve_pages_ = new uint32_t[scaled_resolve_page_dword_count];
    std::memset(scaled_resolve_pages_, 0,
                scaled_resolve_page_dword_count * sizeof(uint32_t));
    std::memset(scaled_resolve_pages_l2_, 0, sizeof(scaled_resolve_pages_l2_));
  }
  std::memset(scaled_resolve_heaps_, 0, sizeof(scaled_resolve_heaps_));
  scaled_resolve_heap_count_ = 0;

  // Create the loading root signature.
  D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER root_parameters[3];
  // Parameter 0 is constants (changed multiple times when untiling).
  root_parameters[0].ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_CBV;
  root_parameters[0].Descriptor.ShaderRegister = 0;
  root_parameters[0].Descriptor.RegisterSpace = 0;
  root_parameters[0].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL;
  // Parameter 1 is the source (may be changed multiple times for the same
  // destination).
  D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE root_dest_range;
  root_dest_range.RangeType = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV;
  root_dest_range.NumDescriptors = 1;
  root_dest_range.BaseShaderRegister = 0;
  root_dest_range.RegisterSpace = 0;
  root_dest_range.OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart = 0;
  root_parameters[1].ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE;
  root_parameters[1].DescriptorTable.NumDescriptorRanges = 1;
  root_parameters[1].DescriptorTable.pDescriptorRanges = &root_dest_range;
  root_parameters[1].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL;
  // Parameter 2 is the destination.
  D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE root_source_range;
  root_source_range.RangeType = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_UAV;
  root_source_range.NumDescriptors = 1;
  root_source_range.BaseShaderRegister = 0;
  root_source_range.RegisterSpace = 0;
  root_source_range.OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart = 0;
  root_parameters[2].ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE;
  root_parameters[2].DescriptorTable.NumDescriptorRanges = 1;
  root_parameters[2].DescriptorTable.pDescriptorRanges = &root_source_range;
  root_parameters[2].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL;
  D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC root_signature_desc;
  root_signature_desc.NumParameters = UINT(xe::countof(root_parameters));
  root_signature_desc.pParameters = root_parameters;
  root_signature_desc.NumStaticSamplers = 0;
  root_signature_desc.pStaticSamplers = nullptr;
  root_signature_desc.Flags = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_NONE;
  load_root_signature_ =
      ui::d3d12::util::CreateRootSignature(provider, root_signature_desc);
  if (load_root_signature_ == nullptr) {
    XELOGE("Failed to create the texture loading root signature");
    Shutdown();
    return false;
  }

  // Create the loading pipeline state objects.
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < uint32_t(LoadMode::kCount); ++i) {
    const LoadModeInfo& mode_info = load_mode_info_[i];
    load_pipeline_states_[i] = ui::d3d12::util::CreateComputePipelineState(
        device, mode_info.shader, mode_info.shader_size, load_root_signature_);
    if (load_pipeline_states_[i] == nullptr) {
      XELOGE(
          "Failed to create the texture loading pipeline state object for mode "
          "{}",
          i);
      Shutdown();
      return false;
    }
    if (IsResolutionScale2X() && mode_info.shader_2x != nullptr) {
      load_pipeline_states_2x_[i] = ui::d3d12::util::CreateComputePipelineState(
          device, mode_info.shader_2x, mode_info.shader_2x_size,
          load_root_signature_);
      if (load_pipeline_states_2x_[i] == nullptr) {
        XELOGE(
            "Failed to create the 2x-scaled texture loading pipeline state "
            "for mode {}",
            i);
        Shutdown();
        return false;
      }
    }
  }

  srv_descriptor_cache_allocated_ = 0;

  // Create a heap with null SRV descriptors, since it's faster to copy a
  // descriptor than to create an SRV, and null descriptors are used a lot (for
  // the signed version when only unsigned is used, for instance).
  D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC null_srv_descriptor_heap_desc;
  null_srv_descriptor_heap_desc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV;
  null_srv_descriptor_heap_desc.NumDescriptors =
      uint32_t(NullSRVDescriptorIndex::kCount);
  null_srv_descriptor_heap_desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_NONE;
  null_srv_descriptor_heap_desc.NodeMask = 0;
  if (FAILED(device->CreateDescriptorHeap(
          &null_srv_descriptor_heap_desc,
          IID_PPV_ARGS(&null_srv_descriptor_heap_)))) {
    XELOGE("Failed to create the descriptor heap for null SRVs");
    Shutdown();
    return false;
  }
  null_srv_descriptor_heap_start_ =
      null_srv_descriptor_heap_->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();
  D3D12_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC null_srv_desc;
  null_srv_desc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
  null_srv_desc.Shader4ComponentMapping =
      D3D12_ENCODE_SHADER_4_COMPONENT_MAPPING(
          D3D12_SHADER_COMPONENT_MAPPING_FORCE_VALUE_0,
          D3D12_SHADER_COMPONENT_MAPPING_FORCE_VALUE_0,
          D3D12_SHADER_COMPONENT_MAPPING_FORCE_VALUE_0,
          D3D12_SHADER_COMPONENT_MAPPING_FORCE_VALUE_0);
  null_srv_desc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY;
  null_srv_desc.Texture2DArray.MostDetailedMip = 0;
  null_srv_desc.Texture2DArray.MipLevels = 1;
  null_srv_desc.Texture2DArray.FirstArraySlice = 0;
  null_srv_desc.Texture2DArray.ArraySize = 1;
  null_srv_desc.Texture2DArray.PlaneSlice = 0;
  null_srv_desc.Texture2DArray.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f;
  device->CreateShaderResourceView(
      nullptr, &null_srv_desc,
      provider.OffsetViewDescriptor(
          null_srv_descriptor_heap_start_,
          uint32_t(NullSRVDescriptorIndex::k2DArray)));
  null_srv_desc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D;
  null_srv_desc.Texture3D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
  null_srv_desc.Texture3D.MipLevels = 1;
  null_srv_desc.Texture3D.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f;
  device->CreateShaderResourceView(
      nullptr, &null_srv_desc,
      provider.OffsetViewDescriptor(null_srv_descriptor_heap_start_,
                                    uint32_t(NullSRVDescriptorIndex::k3D)));
  null_srv_desc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBE;
  null_srv_desc.TextureCube.MostDetailedMip = 0;
  null_srv_desc.TextureCube.MipLevels = 1;
  null_srv_desc.TextureCube.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f;
  device->CreateShaderResourceView(
      nullptr, &null_srv_desc,
      provider.OffsetViewDescriptor(null_srv_descriptor_heap_start_,
                                    uint32_t(NullSRVDescriptorIndex::kCube)));

  if (IsResolutionScale2X()) {
    scaled_resolve_global_watch_handle_ = shared_memory_.RegisterGlobalWatch(
        ScaledResolveGlobalWatchCallbackThunk, this);
  }

  texture_current_usage_time_ = xe::Clock::QueryHostUptimeMillis();

  return true;
}

void TextureCache::Shutdown() {
  ClearCache();

  if (scaled_resolve_global_watch_handle_ != nullptr) {
    shared_memory_.UnregisterGlobalWatch(scaled_resolve_global_watch_handle_);
    scaled_resolve_global_watch_handle_ = nullptr;
  }

  ui::d3d12::util::ReleaseAndNull(null_srv_descriptor_heap_);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < uint32_t(LoadMode::kCount); ++i) {
    ui::d3d12::util::ReleaseAndNull(load_pipeline_states_2x_[i]);
    ui::d3d12::util::ReleaseAndNull(load_pipeline_states_[i]);
  }
  ui::d3d12::util::ReleaseAndNull(load_root_signature_);

  if (scaled_resolve_pages_ != nullptr) {
    delete[] scaled_resolve_pages_;
    scaled_resolve_pages_ = nullptr;
  }
  // First free the buffer to detach it from the heaps.
  ui::d3d12::util::ReleaseAndNull(scaled_resolve_buffer_);
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < xe::countof(scaled_resolve_heaps_); ++i) {
    ui::d3d12::util::ReleaseAndNull(scaled_resolve_heaps_[i]);
  }
  scaled_resolve_heap_count_ = 0;
  COUNT_profile_set("gpu/texture_cache/scaled_resolve_buffer_used_mb", 0);
}

void TextureCache::ClearCache() {
  // Destroy all the textures.
  for (auto texture_pair : textures_) {
    Texture* texture = texture_pair.second;
    shared_memory_.UnwatchMemoryRange(texture->base_watch_handle);
    shared_memory_.UnwatchMemoryRange(texture->mip_watch_handle);
    // Bindful descriptor cache will be cleared entirely now, so only release
    // bindless descriptors.
    if (bindless_resources_used_) {
      for (auto descriptor_pair : texture->srv_descriptors) {
        command_processor_.ReleaseViewBindlessDescriptorImmediately(
            descriptor_pair.second);
      }
    }
    texture->resource->Release();
    delete texture;
  }
  textures_.clear();
  COUNT_profile_set("gpu/texture_cache/textures", 0);
  textures_total_size_ = 0;
  COUNT_profile_set("gpu/texture_cache/total_size_mb", 0);
  texture_used_first_ = texture_used_last_ = nullptr;

  // Clear texture descriptor cache.
  srv_descriptor_cache_free_.clear();
  srv_descriptor_cache_allocated_ = 0;
  for (auto& page : srv_descriptor_cache_) {
    page.heap->Release();
  }
  srv_descriptor_cache_.clear();
}

void TextureCache::TextureFetchConstantWritten(uint32_t index) {
  texture_bindings_in_sync_ &= ~(1u << index);
}

void TextureCache::BeginFrame() {
  // In case there was a failure creating something in the previous frame, make
  // sure bindings are reset so a new attempt will surely be made if the texture
  // is requested again.
  ClearBindings();

  std::memset(unsupported_format_features_used_, 0,
              sizeof(unsupported_format_features_used_));

  texture_current_usage_time_ = xe::Clock::QueryHostUptimeMillis();

  // If memory usage is too high, destroy unused textures.
  uint64_t completed_frame = command_processor_.GetCompletedFrame();
  uint32_t limit_soft_mb = cvars::d3d12_texture_cache_limit_soft;
  uint32_t limit_hard_mb = cvars::d3d12_texture_cache_limit_hard;
  if (IsResolutionScale2X()) {
    limit_soft_mb += limit_soft_mb >> 2;
    limit_hard_mb += limit_hard_mb >> 2;
  }
  uint32_t limit_soft_lifetime =
      std::max(cvars::d3d12_texture_cache_limit_soft_lifetime, 0) * 1000;
  bool destroyed_any = false;
  while (texture_used_first_ != nullptr) {
    uint64_t total_size_mb = textures_total_size_ >> 20;
    bool limit_hard_exceeded = total_size_mb >= limit_hard_mb;
    if (total_size_mb < limit_soft_mb && !limit_hard_exceeded) {
      break;
    }
    Texture* texture = texture_used_first_;
    if (texture->last_usage_frame > completed_frame) {
      break;
    }
    if (!limit_hard_exceeded &&
        (texture->last_usage_time + limit_soft_lifetime) >
            texture_current_usage_time_) {
      break;
    }
    destroyed_any = true;
    // Remove the texture from the map.
    auto found_range = textures_.equal_range(texture->key.GetMapKey());
    for (auto iter = found_range.first; iter != found_range.second; ++iter) {
      if (iter->second == texture) {
        textures_.erase(iter);
        break;
      }
    }
    // Unlink the texture.
    texture_used_first_ = texture->used_next;
    if (texture_used_first_ != nullptr) {
      texture_used_first_->used_previous = nullptr;
    } else {
      texture_used_last_ = nullptr;
    }
    // Exclude the texture from the memory usage counter.
    textures_total_size_ -= texture->resource_size;
    // Destroy the texture.
    shared_memory_.UnwatchMemoryRange(texture->base_watch_handle);
    shared_memory_.UnwatchMemoryRange(texture->mip_watch_handle);
    if (bindless_resources_used_) {
      for (auto descriptor_pair : texture->srv_descriptors) {
        command_processor_.ReleaseViewBindlessDescriptorImmediately(
            descriptor_pair.second);
      }
    } else {
      for (auto descriptor_pair : texture->srv_descriptors) {
        srv_descriptor_cache_free_.push_back(descriptor_pair.second);
      }
    }
    texture->resource->Release();
    delete texture;
  }
  if (destroyed_any) {
    COUNT_profile_set("gpu/texture_cache/textures", textures_.size());
    COUNT_profile_set("gpu/texture_cache/total_size_mb",
                      uint32_t(textures_total_size_ >> 20));
  }
}

void TextureCache::EndFrame() {
  // Report used unsupported texture formats.
  bool unsupported_header_written = false;
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
    uint32_t unsupported_features = unsupported_format_features_used_[i];
    if (unsupported_features == 0) {
      continue;
    }
    if (!unsupported_header_written) {
      XELOGE("Unsupported texture formats used in the frame:");
      unsupported_header_written = true;
    }
    XELOGE("* {}{}{}{}", FormatInfo::Get(xenos::TextureFormat(i))->name,
           unsupported_features & kUnsupportedResourceBit ? " resource" : "",
           unsupported_features & kUnsupportedUnormBit ? " unorm" : "",
           unsupported_features & kUnsupportedSnormBit ? " snorm" : "");
    unsupported_format_features_used_[i] = 0;
  }
}

void TextureCache::RequestTextures(uint32_t used_texture_mask) {
  const auto& regs = register_file_;

#if FINE_GRAINED_DRAW_SCOPES
  SCOPE_profile_cpu_f("gpu");
#endif  // FINE_GRAINED_DRAW_SCOPES

  if (texture_invalidated_.exchange(false, std::memory_order_acquire)) {
    // Clear the bindings not only for this draw call, but entirely, because
    // loading may be needed in some draw call later, which may have the same
    // key for some binding as before the invalidation, but texture_invalidated_
    // being false (menu background in Halo 3).
    for (size_t i = 0; i < xe::countof(texture_bindings_); ++i) {
      texture_bindings_[i].Clear();
    }
    texture_bindings_in_sync_ = 0;
  }

  // Update the texture keys and the textures.
  uint32_t textures_remaining = used_texture_mask;
  uint32_t index = 0;
  while (xe::bit_scan_forward(textures_remaining, &index)) {
    uint32_t index_bit = uint32_t(1) << index;
    textures_remaining &= ~index_bit;
    if (texture_bindings_in_sync_ & index_bit) {
      continue;
    }
    TextureBinding& binding = texture_bindings_[index];
    const auto& fetch = regs.Get<xenos::xe_gpu_texture_fetch_t>(
        XE_GPU_REG_SHADER_CONSTANT_FETCH_00_0 + index * 6);
    TextureKey old_key = binding.key;
    uint8_t old_swizzled_signs = binding.swizzled_signs;
    BindingInfoFromFetchConstant(fetch, binding.key, &binding.host_swizzle,
                                 &binding.swizzled_signs);
    texture_bindings_in_sync_ |= index_bit;
    if (binding.key.IsInvalid()) {
      binding.texture = nullptr;
      binding.texture_signed = nullptr;
      binding.descriptor_index = UINT32_MAX;
      binding.descriptor_index_signed = UINT32_MAX;
      continue;
    }

    // Check if need to load the unsigned and the signed versions of the texture
    // (if the format is emulated with different host bit representations for
    // signed and unsigned - otherwise only the unsigned one is loaded).
    bool key_changed = binding.key != old_key;
    bool load_unsigned_data = false, load_signed_data = false;
    if (IsSignedVersionSeparate(binding.key.format)) {
      // Can reuse previously loaded unsigned/signed versions if the key is the
      // same and the texture was previously bound as unsigned/signed
      // respectively (checking the previous values of signedness rather than
      // binding.texture != nullptr and binding.texture_signed != nullptr also
      // prevents repeated attempts to load the texture if it has failed to
      // load).
      if (texture_util::IsAnySignNotSigned(binding.swizzled_signs)) {
        if (key_changed ||
            !texture_util::IsAnySignNotSigned(old_swizzled_signs)) {
          binding.texture = FindOrCreateTexture(binding.key);
          binding.descriptor_index =
              binding.texture
                  ? FindOrCreateTextureDescriptor(*binding.texture, false,
                                                  binding.host_swizzle)
                  : UINT32_MAX;
          load_unsigned_data = true;
        }
      } else {
        binding.texture = nullptr;
        binding.descriptor_index = UINT32_MAX;
      }
      if (texture_util::IsAnySignSigned(binding.swizzled_signs)) {
        if (key_changed || !texture_util::IsAnySignSigned(old_swizzled_signs)) {
          TextureKey signed_key = binding.key;
          signed_key.signed_separate = 1;
          binding.texture_signed = FindOrCreateTexture(signed_key);
          binding.descriptor_index_signed =
              binding.texture
                  ? FindOrCreateTextureDescriptor(*binding.texture_signed, true,
                                                  binding.host_swizzle)
                  : UINT32_MAX;
          load_signed_data = true;
        }
      } else {
        binding.texture_signed = nullptr;
        binding.descriptor_index_signed = UINT32_MAX;
      }
    } else {
      // Same resource for both unsigned and signed, but descriptor formats may
      // be different.
      if (key_changed) {
        binding.texture = FindOrCreateTexture(binding.key);
        load_unsigned_data = true;
      }
      binding.texture_signed = nullptr;
      if (texture_util::IsAnySignNotSigned(binding.swizzled_signs)) {
        if (key_changed ||
            !texture_util::IsAnySignNotSigned(old_swizzled_signs)) {
          binding.descriptor_index =
              binding.texture
                  ? FindOrCreateTextureDescriptor(*binding.texture, false,
                                                  binding.host_swizzle)
                  : UINT32_MAX;
        }
      } else {
        binding.descriptor_index = UINT32_MAX;
      }
      if (texture_util::IsAnySignSigned(binding.swizzled_signs)) {
        if (key_changed || !texture_util::IsAnySignSigned(old_swizzled_signs)) {
          binding.descriptor_index_signed =
              binding.texture
                  ? FindOrCreateTextureDescriptor(*binding.texture, true,
                                                  binding.host_swizzle)
                  : UINT32_MAX;
        }
      } else {
        binding.descriptor_index_signed = UINT32_MAX;
      }
    }
    if (load_unsigned_data && binding.texture != nullptr) {
      LoadTextureData(binding.texture);
    }
    if (load_signed_data && binding.texture_signed != nullptr) {
      LoadTextureData(binding.texture_signed);
    }
  }

  // Transition the textures to the needed usage - always in
  // NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE | PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE states because barriers
  // between read-only stages, if needed, are discouraged (also if these were
  // tracked separately, checks would be needed to make sure, if the same
  // texture is bound through different fetch constants to both VS and PS, it
  // would be in both states).
  textures_remaining = used_texture_mask;
  while (xe::bit_scan_forward(textures_remaining, &index)) {
    textures_remaining &= ~(uint32_t(1) << index);
    TextureBinding& binding = texture_bindings_[index];
    if (binding.texture != nullptr) {
      // Will be referenced by the command list, so mark as used.
      MarkTextureUsed(binding.texture);
      command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(
          binding.texture->resource, binding.texture->state,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE |
              D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE);
      binding.texture->state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE |
                               D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE;
    }
    if (binding.texture_signed != nullptr) {
      MarkTextureUsed(binding.texture_signed);
      command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(
          binding.texture_signed->resource, binding.texture_signed->state,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE |
              D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE);
      binding.texture_signed->state =
          D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE |
          D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE;
    }
  }
}

bool TextureCache::AreActiveTextureSRVKeysUpToDate(
    const TextureSRVKey* keys,
    const D3D12Shader::TextureBinding* host_shader_bindings,
    uint32_t host_shader_binding_count) const {
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < host_shader_binding_count; ++i) {
    const TextureSRVKey& key = keys[i];
    const TextureBinding& binding =
        texture_bindings_[host_shader_bindings[i].fetch_constant];
    if (key.key != binding.key || key.host_swizzle != binding.host_swizzle ||
        key.swizzled_signs != binding.swizzled_signs) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

void TextureCache::WriteActiveTextureSRVKeys(
    TextureSRVKey* keys,
    const D3D12Shader::TextureBinding* host_shader_bindings,
    uint32_t host_shader_binding_count) const {
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < host_shader_binding_count; ++i) {
    TextureSRVKey& key = keys[i];
    const TextureBinding& binding =
        texture_bindings_[host_shader_bindings[i].fetch_constant];
    key.key = binding.key;
    key.host_swizzle = binding.host_swizzle;
    key.swizzled_signs = binding.swizzled_signs;
  }
}

void TextureCache::WriteActiveTextureBindfulSRV(
    const D3D12Shader::TextureBinding& host_shader_binding,
    D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE handle) {
  assert_false(bindless_resources_used_);
  const TextureBinding& binding =
      texture_bindings_[host_shader_binding.fetch_constant];
  uint32_t descriptor_index = UINT32_MAX;
  Texture* texture = nullptr;
  if (!binding.key.IsInvalid() &&
      AreDimensionsCompatible(host_shader_binding.dimension,
                              binding.key.dimension)) {
    if (host_shader_binding.is_signed) {
      // Not supporting signed compressed textures - hopefully DXN and DXT5A are
      // not used as signed.
      if (texture_util::IsAnySignSigned(binding.swizzled_signs)) {
        descriptor_index = binding.descriptor_index_signed;
        texture = IsSignedVersionSeparate(binding.key.format)
                      ? binding.texture_signed
                      : binding.texture;
      }
    } else {
      if (texture_util::IsAnySignNotSigned(binding.swizzled_signs)) {
        descriptor_index = binding.descriptor_index;
        texture = binding.texture;
      }
    }
  }
  auto& provider = command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider();
  D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE source_handle;
  if (descriptor_index != UINT32_MAX) {
    assert_not_null(texture);
    MarkTextureUsed(texture);
    source_handle = GetTextureDescriptorCPUHandle(descriptor_index);
  } else {
    NullSRVDescriptorIndex null_descriptor_index;
    switch (host_shader_binding.dimension) {
      case xenos::FetchOpDimension::k3DOrStacked:
        null_descriptor_index = NullSRVDescriptorIndex::k3D;
        break;
      case xenos::FetchOpDimension::kCube:
        null_descriptor_index = NullSRVDescriptorIndex::kCube;
        break;
      default:
        assert_true(
            host_shader_binding.dimension == xenos::FetchOpDimension::k1D ||
            host_shader_binding.dimension == xenos::FetchOpDimension::k2D);
        null_descriptor_index = NullSRVDescriptorIndex::k2DArray;
    }
    source_handle = provider.OffsetViewDescriptor(
        null_srv_descriptor_heap_start_, uint32_t(null_descriptor_index));
  }
  auto device = provider.GetDevice();
  {
#if FINE_GRAINED_DRAW_SCOPES
    SCOPE_profile_cpu_i(
        "gpu",
        "xe::gpu::d3d12::TextureCache::WriteActiveTextureBindfulSRV->"
        "CopyDescriptorsSimple");
#endif  // FINE_GRAINED_DRAW_SCOPES
    device->CopyDescriptorsSimple(1, handle, source_handle,
                                  D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV);
  }
}

uint32_t TextureCache::GetActiveTextureBindlessSRVIndex(
    const D3D12Shader::TextureBinding& host_shader_binding) {
  assert_true(bindless_resources_used_);
  uint32_t descriptor_index = UINT32_MAX;
  const TextureBinding& binding =
      texture_bindings_[host_shader_binding.fetch_constant];
  if (!binding.key.IsInvalid() &&
      AreDimensionsCompatible(host_shader_binding.dimension,
                              binding.key.dimension)) {
    descriptor_index = host_shader_binding.is_signed
                           ? binding.descriptor_index_signed
                           : binding.descriptor_index;
  }
  if (descriptor_index == UINT32_MAX) {
    switch (host_shader_binding.dimension) {
      case xenos::FetchOpDimension::k3DOrStacked:
        descriptor_index =
            uint32_t(D3D12CommandProcessor::SystemBindlessView::kNullTexture3D);
        break;
      case xenos::FetchOpDimension::kCube:
        descriptor_index = uint32_t(
            D3D12CommandProcessor::SystemBindlessView::kNullTextureCube);
        break;
      default:
        assert_true(
            host_shader_binding.dimension == xenos::FetchOpDimension::k1D ||
            host_shader_binding.dimension == xenos::FetchOpDimension::k2D);
        descriptor_index = uint32_t(
            D3D12CommandProcessor::SystemBindlessView::kNullTexture2DArray);
    }
  }
  return descriptor_index;
}

TextureCache::SamplerParameters TextureCache::GetSamplerParameters(
    const D3D12Shader::SamplerBinding& binding) const {
  const auto& regs = register_file_;
  const auto& fetch = regs.Get<xenos::xe_gpu_texture_fetch_t>(
      XE_GPU_REG_SHADER_CONSTANT_FETCH_00_0 + binding.fetch_constant * 6);

  SamplerParameters parameters;

  parameters.clamp_x = fetch.clamp_x;
  parameters.clamp_y = fetch.clamp_y;
  parameters.clamp_z = fetch.clamp_z;
  parameters.border_color = fetch.border_color;

  uint32_t mip_min_level;
  texture_util::GetSubresourcesFromFetchConstant(
      fetch, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &mip_min_level,
      nullptr, binding.mip_filter);
  parameters.mip_min_level = mip_min_level;

  xenos::AnisoFilter aniso_filter =
      binding.aniso_filter == xenos::AnisoFilter::kUseFetchConst
          ? fetch.aniso_filter
          : binding.aniso_filter;
  aniso_filter = std::min(aniso_filter, xenos::AnisoFilter::kMax_16_1);
  parameters.aniso_filter = aniso_filter;
  if (aniso_filter != xenos::AnisoFilter::kDisabled) {
    parameters.mag_linear = 1;
    parameters.min_linear = 1;
    parameters.mip_linear = 1;
  } else {
    xenos::TextureFilter mag_filter =
        binding.mag_filter == xenos::TextureFilter::kUseFetchConst
            ? fetch.mag_filter
            : binding.mag_filter;
    parameters.mag_linear = mag_filter == xenos::TextureFilter::kLinear;
    xenos::TextureFilter min_filter =
        binding.min_filter == xenos::TextureFilter::kUseFetchConst
            ? fetch.min_filter
            : binding.min_filter;
    parameters.min_linear = min_filter == xenos::TextureFilter::kLinear;
    xenos::TextureFilter mip_filter =
        binding.mip_filter == xenos::TextureFilter::kUseFetchConst
            ? fetch.mip_filter
            : binding.mip_filter;
    parameters.mip_linear = mip_filter == xenos::TextureFilter::kLinear;
  }

  return parameters;
}

void TextureCache::WriteSampler(SamplerParameters parameters,
                                D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE handle) const {
  D3D12_SAMPLER_DESC desc;
  if (parameters.aniso_filter != xenos::AnisoFilter::kDisabled) {
    desc.Filter = D3D12_FILTER_ANISOTROPIC;
    desc.MaxAnisotropy = 1u << (uint32_t(parameters.aniso_filter) - 1);
  } else {
    D3D12_FILTER_TYPE d3d_filter_min = parameters.min_linear
                                           ? D3D12_FILTER_TYPE_LINEAR
                                           : D3D12_FILTER_TYPE_POINT;
    D3D12_FILTER_TYPE d3d_filter_mag = parameters.mag_linear
                                           ? D3D12_FILTER_TYPE_LINEAR
                                           : D3D12_FILTER_TYPE_POINT;
    D3D12_FILTER_TYPE d3d_filter_mip = parameters.mip_linear
                                           ? D3D12_FILTER_TYPE_LINEAR
                                           : D3D12_FILTER_TYPE_POINT;
    desc.Filter = D3D12_ENCODE_BASIC_FILTER(
        d3d_filter_min, d3d_filter_mag, d3d_filter_mip,
        D3D12_FILTER_REDUCTION_TYPE_STANDARD);
    desc.MaxAnisotropy = 1;
  }
  static const D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE kAddressModeMap[] = {
      /* kRepeat               */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
      /* kMirroredRepeat       */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR,
      /* kClampToEdge          */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,
      /* kMirrorClampToEdge    */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_ONCE,
      // No GL_CLAMP (clamp to half edge, half border) equivalent in Direct3D
      // 12, but there's no Direct3D 9 equivalent anyway, and too weird to be
      // suitable for intentional real usage.
      /* kClampToHalfway       */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,
      // No mirror and clamp to border equivalents in Direct3D 12, but they
      // aren't there in Direct3D 9 either.
      /* kMirrorClampToHalfway */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_ONCE,
      /* kClampToBorder        */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_BORDER,
      /* kMirrorClampToBorder  */ D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_ONCE,
  };
  desc.AddressU = kAddressModeMap[uint32_t(parameters.clamp_x)];
  desc.AddressV = kAddressModeMap[uint32_t(parameters.clamp_y)];
  desc.AddressW = kAddressModeMap[uint32_t(parameters.clamp_z)];
  // LOD is calculated in shaders.
  desc.MipLODBias = 0.0f;
  desc.ComparisonFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_NEVER;
  // TODO(Triang3l): Border colors k_ACBYCR_BLACK and k_ACBCRY_BLACK.
  if (parameters.border_color == xenos::BorderColor::k_AGBR_White) {
    desc.BorderColor[0] = 1.0f;
    desc.BorderColor[1] = 1.0f;
    desc.BorderColor[2] = 1.0f;
    desc.BorderColor[3] = 1.0f;
  } else {
    desc.BorderColor[0] = 0.0f;
    desc.BorderColor[1] = 0.0f;
    desc.BorderColor[2] = 0.0f;
    desc.BorderColor[3] = 0.0f;
  }
  desc.MinLOD = float(parameters.mip_min_level);
  // Maximum mip level is in the texture resource itself.
  desc.MaxLOD = FLT_MAX;
  auto device =
      command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider().GetDevice();
  device->CreateSampler(&desc, handle);
}

void TextureCache::MarkRangeAsResolved(uint32_t start_unscaled,
                                       uint32_t length_unscaled) {
  if (length_unscaled == 0) {
    return;
  }
  start_unscaled &= 0x1FFFFFFF;
  length_unscaled = std::min(length_unscaled, 0x20000000 - start_unscaled);

  if (IsResolutionScale2X()) {
    uint32_t page_first = start_unscaled >> 12;
    uint32_t page_last = (start_unscaled + length_unscaled - 1) >> 12;
    uint32_t block_first = page_first >> 5;
    uint32_t block_last = page_last >> 5;
    auto global_lock = global_critical_region_.Acquire();
    for (uint32_t i = block_first; i <= block_last; ++i) {
      uint32_t add_bits = UINT32_MAX;
      if (i == block_first) {
        add_bits &= ~((1u << (page_first & 31)) - 1);
      }
      if (i == block_last && (page_last & 31) != 31) {
        add_bits &= (1u << ((page_last & 31) + 1)) - 1;
      }
      scaled_resolve_pages_[i] |= add_bits;
      scaled_resolve_pages_l2_[i >> 6] |= 1ull << (i & 63);
    }
  }

  // Invalidate textures. Toggling individual textures between scaled and
  // unscaled also relies on invalidation through shared memory.
  shared_memory_.RangeWrittenByGPU(start_unscaled, length_unscaled);
}

bool TextureCache::EnsureScaledResolveBufferResident(uint32_t start_unscaled,
                                                     uint32_t length_unscaled) {
  assert_true(IsResolutionScale2X());

  if (length_unscaled == 0) {
    return true;
  }
  start_unscaled &= 0x1FFFFFFF;
  if ((0x20000000 - start_unscaled) < length_unscaled) {
    // Exceeds the physical address space.
    return false;
  }

  uint32_t heap_first = (start_unscaled << 2) >> kScaledResolveHeapSizeLog2;
  uint32_t heap_last = ((start_unscaled + length_unscaled - 1) << 2) >>
                       kScaledResolveHeapSizeLog2;
  for (uint32_t i = heap_first; i <= heap_last; ++i) {
    if (scaled_resolve_heaps_[i] != nullptr) {
      continue;
    }
    auto& provider = command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider();
    auto device = provider.GetDevice();
    auto direct_queue = provider.GetDirectQueue();
    D3D12_HEAP_DESC heap_desc = {};
    heap_desc.SizeInBytes = kScaledResolveHeapSize;
    heap_desc.Properties.Type = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT;
    heap_desc.Flags = D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_ALLOW_ONLY_BUFFERS;
    if (FAILED(device->CreateHeap(&heap_desc,
                                  IID_PPV_ARGS(&scaled_resolve_heaps_[i])))) {
      XELOGE("Texture cache: Failed to create a scaled resolve tile heap");
      return false;
    }
    ++scaled_resolve_heap_count_;
    COUNT_profile_set(
        "gpu/texture_cache/scaled_resolve_buffer_used_mb",
        scaled_resolve_heap_count_ << (kScaledResolveHeapSizeLog2 - 20));
    D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE region_start_coordinates;
    region_start_coordinates.X = (i << kScaledResolveHeapSizeLog2) /
                                 D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_TILE_SIZE_IN_BYTES;
    region_start_coordinates.Y = 0;
    region_start_coordinates.Z = 0;
    region_start_coordinates.Subresource = 0;
    D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE region_size;
    region_size.NumTiles =
        kScaledResolveHeapSize / D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_TILE_SIZE_IN_BYTES;
    region_size.UseBox = FALSE;
    D3D12_TILE_RANGE_FLAGS range_flags = D3D12_TILE_RANGE_FLAG_NONE;
    UINT heap_range_start_offset = 0;
    UINT range_tile_count =
        kScaledResolveHeapSize / D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_TILE_SIZE_IN_BYTES;
    // FIXME(Triang3l): This may cause issues if the emulator is shut down
    // mid-frame and the heaps are destroyed before tile mappings are updated
    // (awaiting the fence won't catch this then). Defer this until the actual
    // command list submission.
    direct_queue->UpdateTileMappings(
        scaled_resolve_buffer_, 1, &region_start_coordinates, &region_size,
        scaled_resolve_heaps_[i], 1, &range_flags, &heap_range_start_offset,
        &range_tile_count, D3D12_TILE_MAPPING_FLAG_NONE);
  }
  return true;
}

void TextureCache::UseScaledResolveBufferForReading() {
  assert_true(IsResolutionScale2X());
  command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(
      scaled_resolve_buffer_, scaled_resolve_buffer_state_,
      D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE);
  scaled_resolve_buffer_state_ = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE;
  // "UAV -> anything" transition commits the writes implicitly.
  scaled_resolve_buffer_uav_writes_commit_needed_ = false;
}

void TextureCache::UseScaledResolveBufferForWriting() {
  assert_true(IsResolutionScale2X());
  if (scaled_resolve_buffer_state_ == D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS) {
    if (scaled_resolve_buffer_uav_writes_commit_needed_) {
      command_processor_.PushUAVBarrier(scaled_resolve_buffer_);
      scaled_resolve_buffer_uav_writes_commit_needed_ = false;
    }
    return;
  }
  command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(
      scaled_resolve_buffer_, scaled_resolve_buffer_state_,
      D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS);
  scaled_resolve_buffer_state_ = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
}

void TextureCache::CreateScaledResolveBufferUintPow2UAV(
    D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE handle, uint32_t guest_address_bytes,
    uint32_t guest_length_bytes, uint32_t element_size_bytes_pow2) {
  assert_true(IsResolutionScale2X());
  ui::d3d12::util::CreateBufferTypedUAV(
      command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider().GetDevice(),
      handle, scaled_resolve_buffer_,
      ui::d3d12::util::GetUintPow2DXGIFormat(element_size_bytes_pow2),
      guest_length_bytes << 2 >> element_size_bytes_pow2,
      uint64_t(guest_address_bytes) << 2 >> element_size_bytes_pow2);
}

ID3D12Resource* TextureCache::RequestSwapTexture(
    D3D12_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC& srv_desc_out,
    xenos::TextureFormat& format_out) {
  const auto& regs = register_file_;
  const auto& fetch = regs.Get<xenos::xe_gpu_texture_fetch_t>(
      XE_GPU_REG_SHADER_CONSTANT_FETCH_00_0);
  TextureKey key;
  uint32_t swizzle;
  BindingInfoFromFetchConstant(fetch, key, &swizzle, nullptr);
  if (key.base_page == 0 ||
      key.dimension != xenos::DataDimension::k2DOrStacked) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  Texture* texture = FindOrCreateTexture(key);
  if (texture == nullptr || !LoadTextureData(texture)) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  MarkTextureUsed(texture);
  // The swap texture is likely to be used only for the presentation pixel
  // shader, and not during emulation, where it'd be NON_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE |
  // PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE.
  command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(
      texture->resource, texture->state,
      D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE);
  texture->state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE;
  srv_desc_out.Format = GetDXGIUnormFormat(key);
  srv_desc_out.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
  srv_desc_out.Shader4ComponentMapping =
      swizzle |
      D3D12_SHADER_COMPONENT_MAPPING_ALWAYS_SET_BIT_AVOIDING_ZEROMEM_MISTAKES;
  srv_desc_out.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
  srv_desc_out.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1;
  srv_desc_out.Texture2D.PlaneSlice = 0;
  srv_desc_out.Texture2D.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f;
  format_out = key.format;
  return texture->resource;
}

bool TextureCache::IsDecompressionNeeded(xenos::TextureFormat format,
                                         uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
  DXGI_FORMAT dxgi_format_uncompressed =
      host_formats_[uint32_t(format)].dxgi_format_uncompressed;
  if (dxgi_format_uncompressed == DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN) {
    return false;
  }
  const FormatInfo* format_info = FormatInfo::Get(format);
  return (width & (format_info->block_width - 1)) != 0 ||
         (height & (format_info->block_height - 1)) != 0;
}

TextureCache::LoadMode TextureCache::GetLoadMode(TextureKey key) {
  const HostFormat& host_format = host_formats_[uint32_t(key.format)];
  if (key.signed_separate) {
    return host_format.load_mode_snorm;
  }
  if (IsDecompressionNeeded(key.format, key.width, key.height)) {
    return host_format.decompress_mode;
  }
  return host_format.load_mode;
}

void TextureCache::BindingInfoFromFetchConstant(
    const xenos::xe_gpu_texture_fetch_t& fetch, TextureKey& key_out,
    uint32_t* host_swizzle_out, uint8_t* swizzled_signs_out) {
  // Reset the key and the swizzle.
  key_out.MakeInvalid();
  if (host_swizzle_out != nullptr) {
    *host_swizzle_out =
        xenos::XE_GPU_SWIZZLE_0 | (xenos::XE_GPU_SWIZZLE_0 << 3) |
        (xenos::XE_GPU_SWIZZLE_0 << 6) | (xenos::XE_GPU_SWIZZLE_0 << 9);
  }
  if (swizzled_signs_out != nullptr) {
    *swizzled_signs_out =
        uint8_t(xenos::TextureSign::kUnsigned) * uint8_t(0b01010101);
  }

  switch (fetch.type) {
    case xenos::FetchConstantType::kTexture:
      break;
    case xenos::FetchConstantType::kInvalidTexture:
      if (cvars::gpu_allow_invalid_fetch_constants) {
        break;
      }
      XELOGW(
          "Texture fetch constant ({:08X} {:08X} {:08X} {:08X} {:08X} {:08X}) "
          "has \"invalid\" type! This is incorrect behavior, but you can try "
          "bypassing this by launching Xenia with "
          "--gpu_allow_invalid_fetch_constants=true.",
          fetch.dword_0, fetch.dword_1, fetch.dword_2, fetch.dword_3,
          fetch.dword_4, fetch.dword_5);
      return;
    default:
      XELOGW(
          "Texture fetch constant ({:08X} {:08X} {:08X} {:08X} {:08X} {:08X}) "
          "is completely invalid!",
          fetch.dword_0, fetch.dword_1, fetch.dword_2, fetch.dword_3,
          fetch.dword_4, fetch.dword_5);
      return;
  }

  uint32_t width, height, depth_or_faces;
  uint32_t base_page, mip_page, mip_max_level;
  texture_util::GetSubresourcesFromFetchConstant(
      fetch, &width, &height, &depth_or_faces, &base_page, &mip_page, nullptr,
      &mip_max_level);
  if (base_page == 0 && mip_page == 0) {
    // No texture data at all.
    return;
  }
  // TODO(Triang3l): Support long 1D textures.
  if (fetch.dimension == xenos::DataDimension::k1D &&
      width > xenos::kTexture2DCubeMaxWidthHeight) {
    XELOGE(
        "1D texture is too wide ({}) - ignoring! "
        "Report the game to Xenia developers",
        width);
    return;
  }

  xenos::TextureFormat format = GetBaseFormat(fetch.format);

  key_out.base_page = base_page;
  key_out.mip_page = mip_page;
  key_out.dimension = fetch.dimension;
  key_out.width = width;
  key_out.height = height;
  key_out.depth = depth_or_faces;
  key_out.mip_max_level = mip_max_level;
  key_out.tiled = fetch.tiled;
  key_out.packed_mips = fetch.packed_mips;
  key_out.format = format;
  key_out.endianness = fetch.endianness;

  if (host_swizzle_out != nullptr) {
    uint32_t host_swizzle = 0;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
      uint32_t host_swizzle_component = (fetch.swizzle >> (i * 3)) & 0b111;
      if (host_swizzle_component >= 4) {
        // Get rid of 6 and 7 values (to prevent device losses if the game has
        // something broken) the quick and dirty way - by changing them to 4 (0)
        // and 5 (1).
        host_swizzle_component &= 0b101;
      } else {
        host_swizzle_component =
            host_formats_[uint32_t(format)].swizzle[host_swizzle_component];
      }
      host_swizzle |= host_swizzle_component << (i * 3);
    }
    *host_swizzle_out = host_swizzle;
  }

  if (swizzled_signs_out != nullptr) {
    *swizzled_signs_out = texture_util::SwizzleSigns(fetch);
  }
}

void TextureCache::LogTextureKeyAction(TextureKey key, const char* action) {
  XELOGGPU(
      "{} {} {}{}x{}x{} {} {} texture with {} {}packed mip level{}, "
      "base at 0x{:08X}, mips at 0x{:08X}",
      action, key.tiled ? "tiled" : "linear",
      key.scaled_resolve ? "2x-scaled " : "", key.width, key.height, key.depth,
      dimension_names_[uint32_t(key.dimension)],
      FormatInfo::Get(key.format)->name, key.mip_max_level + 1,
      key.packed_mips ? "" : "un", key.mip_max_level != 0 ? "s" : "",
      key.base_page << 12, key.mip_page << 12);
}

void TextureCache::LogTextureAction(const Texture* texture,
                                    const char* action) {
  XELOGGPU(
      "{} {} {}{}x{}x{} {} {} texture with {} {}packed mip level{}, "
      "base at 0x{:08X} (size 0x{:08X}), mips at 0x{:08X} (size 0x{:08X})",
      action, texture->key.tiled ? "tiled" : "linear",
      texture->key.scaled_resolve ? "2x-scaled " : "", texture->key.width,
      texture->key.height, texture->key.depth,
      dimension_names_[uint32_t(texture->key.dimension)],
      FormatInfo::Get(texture->key.format)->name,
      texture->key.mip_max_level + 1, texture->key.packed_mips ? "" : "un",
      texture->key.mip_max_level != 0 ? "s" : "", texture->key.base_page << 12,
      texture->base_size, texture->key.mip_page << 12, texture->mip_size);
}

TextureCache::Texture* TextureCache::FindOrCreateTexture(TextureKey key) {
  // Check if the texture is a 2x-scaled resolve texture.
  if (IsResolutionScale2X() && key.tiled) {
    LoadMode load_mode = GetLoadMode(key);
    if (load_mode != LoadMode::kUnknown &&
        load_pipeline_states_2x_[uint32_t(load_mode)] != nullptr) {
      uint32_t base_size = 0, mip_size = 0;
      texture_util::GetTextureTotalSize(
          key.dimension, key.width, key.height, key.depth, key.format,
          key.tiled, key.packed_mips, key.mip_max_level,
          key.base_page != 0 ? &base_size : nullptr,
          key.mip_page != 0 ? &mip_size : nullptr);
      if ((base_size != 0 &&
           IsRangeScaledResolved(key.base_page << 12, base_size)) ||
          (mip_size != 0 &&
           IsRangeScaledResolved(key.mip_page << 12, mip_size))) {
        key.scaled_resolve = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  uint64_t map_key = key.GetMapKey();

  // Try to find an existing texture.
  // TODO(Triang3l): Reuse a texture with mip_page unchanged, but base_page
  // previously 0, now not 0, to save memory - common case in streaming.
  auto found_range = textures_.equal_range(map_key);
  for (auto iter = found_range.first; iter != found_range.second; ++iter) {
    Texture* found_texture = iter->second;
    if (found_texture->key.bucket_key == key.bucket_key) {
      return found_texture;
    }
  }

  // Create the resource. If failed to create one, don't create a texture object
  // at all so it won't be in indeterminate state.
  D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC desc;
  desc.Format = GetDXGIResourceFormat(key);
  if (desc.Format == DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN) {
    unsupported_format_features_used_[uint32_t(key.format)] |=
        kUnsupportedResourceBit;
    return nullptr;
  }
  if (key.dimension == xenos::DataDimension::k3D) {
    desc.Dimension = D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D;
  } else {
    // 1D textures are treated as 2D for simplicity.
    desc.Dimension = D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
  }
  desc.Alignment = 0;
  desc.Width = key.width;
  desc.Height = key.height;
  if (key.scaled_resolve) {
    desc.Width *= 2;
    desc.Height *= 2;
  }
  desc.DepthOrArraySize = key.depth;
  desc.MipLevels = key.mip_max_level + 1;
  desc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
  desc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
  desc.Layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN;
  // Untiling through a buffer instead of using unordered access because copying
  // is not done that often.
  desc.Flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE;
  auto device =
      command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider().GetDevice();
  // Assuming untiling will be the next operation.
  D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST;
  ID3D12Resource* resource;
  if (FAILED(device->CreateCommittedResource(
          &ui::d3d12::util::kHeapPropertiesDefault, D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE, &desc,
          state, nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(&resource)))) {
    LogTextureKeyAction(key, "Failed to create");
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Create the texture object and add it to the map.
  Texture* texture = new Texture;
  texture->key = key;
  texture->resource = resource;
  texture->resource_size =
      device->GetResourceAllocationInfo(0, 1, &desc).SizeInBytes;
  texture->state = state;
  texture->last_usage_frame = command_processor_.GetCurrentFrame();
  texture->last_usage_time = texture_current_usage_time_;
  texture->used_previous = texture_used_last_;
  texture->used_next = nullptr;
  if (texture_used_last_ != nullptr) {
    texture_used_last_->used_next = texture;
  } else {
    texture_used_first_ = texture;
  }
  texture_used_last_ = texture;
  texture->mip_offsets[0] = 0;
  uint32_t width_blocks, height_blocks, depth_blocks;
  uint32_t array_size =
      key.dimension != xenos::DataDimension::k3D ? key.depth : 1;
  if (key.base_page != 0) {
    texture_util::GetGuestMipBlocks(key.dimension, key.width, key.height,
                                    key.depth, key.format, 0, width_blocks,
                                    height_blocks, depth_blocks);
    uint32_t slice_size = texture_util::GetGuestMipSliceStorageSize(
        width_blocks, height_blocks, depth_blocks, key.tiled, key.format,
        &texture->pitches[0]);
    texture->slice_sizes[0] = slice_size;
    texture->base_size = slice_size * array_size;
    texture->base_in_sync = false;
  } else {
    texture->base_size = 0;
    texture->slice_sizes[0] = 0;
    texture->pitches[0] = 0;
    // Never try to upload the base level if there is none.
    texture->base_in_sync = true;
  }
  texture->mip_size = 0;
  if (key.mip_page != 0) {
    assert_not_zero(key.mip_max_level);
    uint32_t mip_max_storage_level = key.mip_max_level;
    if (key.packed_mips) {
      mip_max_storage_level =
          std::min(mip_max_storage_level,
                   texture_util::GetPackedMipLevel(key.width, key.height));
    }
    // If the texture is very small, its packed mips may be stored at level 0,
    // which will be mip_max_storage_level. For i == 0, this will produce the
    // same values slice size and pitch as for the base, but will fill the
    // fields even if the base doesn't need to be loaded.
    for (uint32_t i = std::min(uint32_t(1), mip_max_storage_level);
         i <= mip_max_storage_level; ++i) {
      texture_util::GetGuestMipBlocks(key.dimension, key.width, key.height,
                                      key.depth, key.format, i, width_blocks,
                                      height_blocks, depth_blocks);
      texture->mip_offsets[i] = texture->mip_size;
      uint32_t slice_size = texture_util::GetGuestMipSliceStorageSize(
          width_blocks, height_blocks, depth_blocks, key.tiled, key.format,
          &texture->pitches[i]);
      texture->slice_sizes[i] = slice_size;
      texture->mip_size += slice_size * array_size;
    }
    // The rest are either packed levels or don't exist at all.
    for (uint32_t i = mip_max_storage_level + 1;
         i < xe::countof(texture->mip_offsets); ++i) {
      texture->mip_offsets[i] = texture->mip_offsets[mip_max_storage_level];
      texture->slice_sizes[i] = texture->slice_sizes[mip_max_storage_level];
      texture->pitches[i] = texture->pitches[mip_max_storage_level];
    }
    texture->mips_in_sync = false;
  } else {
    std::memset(&texture->mip_offsets[1], 0,
                (xe::countof(texture->mip_offsets) - 1) * sizeof(uint32_t));
    std::memset(&texture->slice_sizes[1], 0,
                (xe::countof(texture->slice_sizes) - 1) * sizeof(uint32_t));
    std::memset(&texture->pitches[1], 0,
                (xe::countof(texture->pitches) - 1) * sizeof(uint32_t));
    // Never try to upload the mipmaps if there are none.
    texture->mips_in_sync = true;
  }
  texture->base_watch_handle = nullptr;
  texture->mip_watch_handle = nullptr;
  textures_.insert(std::make_pair(map_key, texture));
  COUNT_profile_set("gpu/texture_cache/textures", textures_.size());
  textures_total_size_ += texture->resource_size;
  COUNT_profile_set("gpu/texture_cache/total_size_mb",
                    uint32_t(textures_total_size_ >> 20));
  LogTextureAction(texture, "Created");

  return texture;
}

bool TextureCache::LoadTextureData(Texture* texture) {
  // See what we need to upload.
  bool base_in_sync, mips_in_sync;
  {
    auto global_lock = global_critical_region_.Acquire();
    base_in_sync = texture->base_in_sync;
    mips_in_sync = texture->mips_in_sync;
  }
  if (base_in_sync && mips_in_sync) {
    return true;
  }

  auto& command_list = command_processor_.GetDeferredCommandList();
  auto device =
      command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider().GetDevice();

  // Get the pipeline.
  LoadMode load_mode = GetLoadMode(texture->key);
  if (load_mode == LoadMode::kUnknown) {
    return false;
  }
  bool scaled_resolve = texture->key.scaled_resolve ? true : false;
  ID3D12PipelineState* pipeline_state =
      scaled_resolve ? load_pipeline_states_2x_[uint32_t(load_mode)]
                     : load_pipeline_states_[uint32_t(load_mode)];
  if (pipeline_state == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }
  const LoadModeInfo& load_mode_info = load_mode_info_[uint32_t(load_mode)];

  // Request uploading of the texture data to the shared memory.
  // This is also necessary when resolution scale is used - the texture cache
  // relies on shared memory for invalidation of both unscaled and scaled
  // textures! Plus a texture may be unscaled partially, when only a portion of
  // its pages is invalidated, in this case we'll need the texture from the
  // shared memory to load the unscaled parts.
  if (!base_in_sync) {
    if (!shared_memory_.RequestRange(texture->key.base_page << 12,
                                     texture->base_size)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  if (!mips_in_sync) {
    if (!shared_memory_.RequestRange(texture->key.mip_page << 12,
                                     texture->mip_size)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  if (scaled_resolve) {
    // Make sure all heaps are created.
    if (!EnsureScaledResolveBufferResident(texture->key.base_page << 12,
                                           texture->base_size)) {
      return false;
    }
    if (!EnsureScaledResolveBufferResident(texture->key.mip_page << 12,
                                           texture->mip_size)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  // Get the guest layout.
  xenos::DataDimension dimension = texture->key.dimension;
  bool is_3d = dimension == xenos::DataDimension::k3D;
  uint32_t width = texture->key.width;
  uint32_t height = texture->key.height;
  uint32_t depth = is_3d ? texture->key.depth : 1;
  uint32_t slice_count = is_3d ? 1 : texture->key.depth;
  xenos::TextureFormat guest_format = texture->key.format;
  const FormatInfo* guest_format_info = FormatInfo::Get(guest_format);
  uint32_t block_width = guest_format_info->block_width;
  uint32_t block_height = guest_format_info->block_height;
  uint32_t mip_first = base_in_sync ? 1 : 0;
  uint32_t mip_last = mips_in_sync ? 0 : texture->key.mip_max_level;
  assert_true(mip_first <= mip_last);
  uint32_t mip_packed = UINT32_MAX;
  uint32_t mip_packed_width = 0;
  uint32_t mip_packed_height = 0;
  uint32_t mip_packed_depth = 0;
  if (texture->key.packed_mips) {
    mip_packed = texture_util::GetPackedMipLevel(width, height);
    texture_util::GetGuestMipBlocks(dimension, width, height, depth,
                                    guest_format, mip_packed, mip_packed_width,
                                    mip_packed_height, mip_packed_depth);
    mip_packed_width *= block_width;
    mip_packed_height *= block_height;
  }

  // Get the host layout and the buffer.
  // To let the load shaders copy multiple consecutive blocks at once without
  // having to care about the alignment of the base, all packed mips are untiled
  // at once, with offsets later applied in CopyTextureRegion.
  uint32_t texture_mip_count = texture->key.mip_max_level + 1;
  D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT host_layouts[D3D12_REQ_MIP_LEVELS];
  D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT host_layout_packed;
  // If need to load both base and mips, and both are in the packed mip tail,
  // but base and mip addresses are different, host_layout_packed is for the
  // base level, but mips starting from 1 are placed at this offset from
  // host_layout_packed.
  UINT64 host_layout_packed_mips_offset = 0;
  UINT64 host_slice_size = 0;
  {
    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC footprint_resource_desc = texture->resource->GetDesc();
    if (mip_first < mip_packed) {
      host_slice_size = xe::align(
          host_slice_size, UINT64(D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PLACEMENT_ALIGNMENT));
      UINT64 host_layouts_size;
      device->GetCopyableFootprints(
          &footprint_resource_desc, mip_first,
          std::min(mip_packed, mip_last + uint32_t(1)) - mip_first,
          host_slice_size, host_layouts, nullptr, nullptr, &host_layouts_size);
      // Shaders write excess pixels in the end of the row for simplicity (not
      // to bound-check every pixel, because multiple pixels may be copied at
      // once), but GetCopyableFootprints doesn't align the last row.
      host_slice_size += xe::align(host_layouts_size,
                                   UINT64(D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PITCH_ALIGNMENT));
    }
    if (mip_last >= mip_packed) {
      host_slice_size = xe::align(
          host_slice_size, UINT64(D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PLACEMENT_ALIGNMENT));
      UINT64 host_layout_packed_offset = host_slice_size;
      footprint_resource_desc.Width = mip_packed_width;
      footprint_resource_desc.Height = mip_packed_height;
      footprint_resource_desc.DepthOrArraySize = mip_packed_depth;
      footprint_resource_desc.MipLevels = 1;
      UINT64 host_layout_packed_size;
      device->GetCopyableFootprints(&footprint_resource_desc, 0, 1,
                                    host_slice_size, &host_layout_packed,
                                    nullptr, nullptr, &host_layout_packed_size);
      host_layout_packed_size = xe::align(
          host_layout_packed_size, UINT64(D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PITCH_ALIGNMENT));
      host_slice_size += host_layout_packed_size;
      if (mip_packed == 0 && mip_first == 0 && mip_last != 0 &&
          texture->key.base_page != texture->key.mip_page) {
        // Base and mips are both small enough to be packed, but stored at
        // different addresses - load different mip tails containing different
        // data for the base and the mips. Allocate another area for the packed
        // mips untiled from a different address.
        host_slice_size = xe::align(
            host_slice_size, UINT64(D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PLACEMENT_ALIGNMENT));
        host_layout_packed_mips_offset =
            host_slice_size - host_layout_packed_offset;
        host_slice_size += host_layout_packed_size;
      }
    }
  }
  D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES copy_buffer_state =
      D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
  ID3D12Resource* copy_buffer = command_processor_.RequestScratchGPUBuffer(
      uint32_t(host_slice_size), copy_buffer_state);
  if (copy_buffer == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }
  uint32_t host_block_width = 1;
  uint32_t host_block_height = 1;
  if (host_formats_[uint32_t(guest_format)].dxgi_format_block_aligned &&
      !IsDecompressionNeeded(guest_format, width, height)) {
    host_block_width = block_width;
    host_block_height = block_height;
  }

  // Begin loading.
  // Can't address more than 128 megatexels directly on Nvidia - need two
  // separate UAV descriptors for base and mips.
  bool separate_base_and_mips_descriptors =
      scaled_resolve && mip_first == 0 && mip_last != 0;
  ui::d3d12::util::DescriptorCPUGPUHandlePair descriptor_dest;
  ui::d3d12::util::DescriptorCPUGPUHandlePair descriptors_source[2];
  // Destination.
  uint32_t descriptor_count = 1;
  if (scaled_resolve) {
    // Source - base and mips.
    descriptor_count += separate_base_and_mips_descriptors ? 2 : 1;
  } else {
    // Source - shared memory.
    if (!bindless_resources_used_) {
      ++descriptor_count;
    }
  }
  ui::d3d12::util::DescriptorCPUGPUHandlePair descriptors[3];
  if (!command_processor_.RequestOneUseSingleViewDescriptors(descriptor_count,
                                                             descriptors)) {
    return false;
  }
  uint32_t descriptor_write_index = 0;
  uint32_t uav_bpe_log2 = scaled_resolve ? load_mode_info.uav_bpe_log2_2x
                                         : load_mode_info.uav_bpe_log2;
  assert_true(descriptor_write_index < descriptor_count);
  descriptor_dest = descriptors[descriptor_write_index++];
  ui::d3d12::util::CreateBufferTypedUAV(
      device, descriptor_dest.first, copy_buffer,
      ui::d3d12::util::GetUintPow2DXGIFormat(uav_bpe_log2),
      uint32_t(host_slice_size) >> uav_bpe_log2);
  if (scaled_resolve) {
    // TODO(Triang3l): Allow partial invalidation of scaled textures - send a
    // part of scaled_resolve_pages_ to the shader and choose the source
    // according to whether a specific page contains scaled texture data. If
    // it's not, duplicate the texels from the unscaled version - will be
    // blocky with filtering, but better than nothing.
    UseScaledResolveBufferForReading();
    uint32_t descriptor_source_write_index = 0;
    if (mip_first == 0) {
      assert_true(descriptor_write_index < descriptor_count);
      descriptors_source[descriptor_source_write_index] =
          descriptors[descriptor_write_index++];
      ui::d3d12::util::CreateBufferTypedSRV(
          device, descriptors_source[descriptor_source_write_index++].first,
          scaled_resolve_buffer_,
          ui::d3d12::util::GetUintPow2DXGIFormat(
              load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2_2x),
          texture->base_size << 2 >> load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2_2x,
          uint64_t(texture->key.base_page) << (12 + 2) >>
              load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2_2x);
    }
    if (mip_last != 0) {
      assert_true(descriptor_write_index < descriptor_count);
      descriptors_source[descriptor_source_write_index] =
          descriptors[descriptor_write_index++];
      ui::d3d12::util::CreateBufferTypedSRV(
          device, descriptors_source[descriptor_source_write_index++].first,
          scaled_resolve_buffer_,
          ui::d3d12::util::GetUintPow2DXGIFormat(
              load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2_2x),
          texture->mip_size << 2 >> load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2_2x,
          uint64_t(texture->key.mip_page) << (12 + 2) >>
              load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2_2x);
    }
  } else {
    shared_memory_.UseForReading();
    if (bindless_resources_used_) {
      descriptors_source[0] =
          command_processor_.GetSharedMemoryUintPow2BindlessSRVHandlePair(
              load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2);
    } else {
      assert_true(descriptor_write_index < descriptor_count);
      descriptors_source[0] = descriptors[descriptor_write_index++];
      shared_memory_.WriteUintPow2SRVDescriptor(descriptors_source[0].first,
                                                load_mode_info.srv_bpe_log2);
    }
  }
  command_processor_.SetComputePipelineState(pipeline_state);
  command_list.D3DSetComputeRootSignature(load_root_signature_);
  command_list.D3DSetComputeRootDescriptorTable(2, descriptor_dest.second);

  // Update LRU caching because the texture will be used by the command list.
  MarkTextureUsed(texture);

  // Submit commands.
  command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(texture->resource, texture->state,
                                           D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST);
  texture->state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST;
  auto& cbuffer_pool = command_processor_.GetConstantBufferPool();
  LoadConstants load_constants;
  load_constants.is_3d_endian =
      uint32_t(is_3d) | (uint32_t(texture->key.endianness) << 1);
  uint32_t loop_mip_first = std::min(mip_first, mip_packed);
  uint32_t loop_mip_last = std::min(mip_last, mip_packed);
  if (host_layout_packed_mips_offset) {
    assert_zero(mip_packed);
    // Need to load two different packed mip tails for the base and the mips.
    // loop_mip == 0 - packed base.
    // loop_mip == 1 - packed mips.
    loop_mip_last = 1;
  }
  uint32_t descriptor_source_last_index = UINT32_MAX;
  for (uint32_t slice = 0; slice < slice_count; ++slice) {
    command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(
        copy_buffer, copy_buffer_state, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS);
    copy_buffer_state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
    for (uint32_t loop_mip = loop_mip_first; loop_mip <= loop_mip_last;
         ++loop_mip) {
      // If need to load two different packed mip tails, there will be two
      // iterations of the loop, but both images will have the size of mip 0.
      uint32_t mip = (mip_packed != 0 ? loop_mip : 0);
      bool is_base;
      if (mip_packed == 0) {
        is_base = (mip_first == 0 && loop_mip == 0);
      } else {
        is_base = (mip == 0);
      }
      uint32_t descriptor_source_index = 0;
      if (scaled_resolve) {
        // Offset already applied in the buffer because more than 512 MB can't
        // be directly addresses on Nvidia.
        load_constants.guest_base = 0;
        if (separate_base_and_mips_descriptors) {
          descriptor_source_index = is_base ? 0 : 1;
        }
      } else {
        load_constants.guest_base =
            (is_base ? texture->key.base_page : texture->key.mip_page) << 12;
      }
      load_constants.guest_base +=
          texture->mip_offsets[mip] + slice * texture->slice_sizes[mip];
      const D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT& host_layout =
          mip == mip_packed ? host_layout_packed
                            : host_layouts[mip - mip_first];
      load_constants.guest_pitch = texture->key.tiled
                                       ? LoadConstants::kGuestPitchTiled
                                       : texture->pitches[mip];
      load_constants.host_base = uint32_t(host_layout.Offset);
      if (mip_packed == 0 && loop_mip) {
        // Two packed mip tails, but this one is for the mips.
        load_constants.host_base += uint32_t(host_layout_packed_mips_offset);
      }
      load_constants.host_pitch = host_layout.Footprint.RowPitch;
      uint32_t mip_width, mip_height, mip_depth;
      if (mip == mip_packed) {
        // Force power of 2 for both the source and the destination if it's the
        // mip tail, and it's not on level 0.
        mip_width = mip_packed_width;
        mip_height = mip_packed_height;
        mip_depth = mip_packed_depth;
      } else {
        mip_width = std::max(width >> mip, uint32_t(1));
        mip_height = std::max(height >> mip, uint32_t(1));
        mip_depth = std::max(depth >> mip, uint32_t(1));
      }
      load_constants.size_blocks[0] =
          (mip_width + (block_width - 1)) / block_width;
      load_constants.size_blocks[1] =
          (mip_height + (block_height - 1)) / block_height;
      load_constants.size_blocks[2] = mip_depth;
      load_constants.height_texels = mip_height;
      if (mip == 0) {
        load_constants.guest_storage_width_height[0] =
            xe::align(load_constants.size_blocks[0], uint32_t(32));
        load_constants.guest_storage_width_height[1] =
            xe::align(load_constants.size_blocks[1], uint32_t(32));
      } else {
        load_constants.guest_storage_width_height[0] = xe::align(
            xe::next_pow2(load_constants.size_blocks[0]), uint32_t(32));
        load_constants.guest_storage_width_height[1] = xe::align(
            xe::next_pow2(load_constants.size_blocks[1]), uint32_t(32));
      }
      D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS cbuffer_gpu_address;
      uint8_t* cbuffer_mapping = cbuffer_pool.Request(
          command_processor_.GetCurrentFrame(),
          xe::align(uint32_t(sizeof(load_constants)), uint32_t(256)), nullptr,
          nullptr, &cbuffer_gpu_address);
      if (cbuffer_mapping == nullptr) {
        command_processor_.ReleaseScratchGPUBuffer(copy_buffer,
                                                   copy_buffer_state);
        return false;
      }
      std::memcpy(cbuffer_mapping, &load_constants, sizeof(load_constants));
      if (descriptor_source_last_index != descriptor_source_index) {
        descriptor_source_last_index = descriptor_source_index;
        command_list.D3DSetComputeRootDescriptorTable(
            1, descriptors_source[descriptor_source_index].second);
      }
      command_list.D3DSetComputeRootConstantBufferView(0, cbuffer_gpu_address);
      command_processor_.SubmitBarriers();
      // Each thread group processes 32x32x1 guest blocks.
      command_list.D3DDispatch((load_constants.size_blocks[0] + 31) >> 5,
                               (load_constants.size_blocks[1] + 31) >> 5,
                               load_constants.size_blocks[2]);
    }
    command_processor_.PushUAVBarrier(copy_buffer);
    command_processor_.PushTransitionBarrier(copy_buffer, copy_buffer_state,
                                             D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE);
    copy_buffer_state = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE;
    command_processor_.SubmitBarriers();
    UINT slice_first_subresource = slice * texture_mip_count;
    for (uint32_t mip = mip_first; mip <= mip_last; ++mip) {
      D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION location_source, location_dest;
      location_source.pResource = copy_buffer;
      location_source.Type = D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_TYPE_PLACED_FOOTPRINT;
      location_dest.pResource = texture->resource;
      location_dest.Type = D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_TYPE_SUBRESOURCE_INDEX;
      location_dest.SubresourceIndex = slice_first_subresource + mip;
      if (mip >= mip_packed) {
        location_source.PlacedFootprint = host_layout_packed;
        if (mip != 0) {
          location_source.PlacedFootprint.Offset +=
              host_layout_packed_mips_offset;
        }
        uint32_t mip_offset_blocks_x, mip_offset_blocks_y, mip_offset_z;
        texture_util::GetPackedMipOffset(width, height, depth, guest_format,
                                         mip, mip_offset_blocks_x,
                                         mip_offset_blocks_y, mip_offset_z);
        D3D12_BOX source_box;
        source_box.left = mip_offset_blocks_x * block_width;
        source_box.top = mip_offset_blocks_y * block_height;
        source_box.front = mip_offset_z;
        source_box.right =
            source_box.left +
            xe::align(std::max(width >> mip, uint32_t(1)), host_block_width);
        source_box.bottom =
            source_box.top +
            xe::align(std::max(height >> mip, uint32_t(1)), host_block_height);
        source_box.back =
            source_box.front + std::max(depth >> mip, uint32_t(1));
        command_list.CopyTextureRegion(location_dest, 0, 0, 0, location_source,
                                       source_box);
      } else {
        location_source.PlacedFootprint = host_layouts[mip - mip_first];
        command_list.CopyTexture(location_dest, location_source);
      }
    }
  }

  command_processor_.ReleaseScratchGPUBuffer(copy_buffer, copy_buffer_state);

  // Mark the ranges as uploaded and watch them. This is needed for scaled
  // resolves as well to detect when the CPU wants to reuse the memory for a
  // regular texture or a vertex buffer, and thus the scaled resolve version is
  // not up to date anymore.
  {
    auto global_lock = global_critical_region_.Acquire();
    texture->base_in_sync = true;
    texture->mips_in_sync = true;
    if (!base_in_sync) {
      texture->base_watch_handle = shared_memory_.WatchMemoryRange(
          texture->key.base_page << 12, texture->base_size, WatchCallbackThunk,
          this, texture, 0);
    }
    if (!mips_in_sync) {
      texture->mip_watch_handle = shared_memory_.WatchMemoryRange(
          texture->key.mip_page << 12, texture->mip_size, WatchCallbackThunk,
          this, texture, 1);
    }
  }

  LogTextureAction(texture, "Loaded");
  return true;
}

uint32_t TextureCache::FindOrCreateTextureDescriptor(Texture& texture,
                                                     bool is_signed,
                                                     uint32_t host_swizzle) {
  uint32_t descriptor_key = uint32_t(is_signed) | (host_swizzle << 1);

  // Try to find an existing descriptor.
  auto it = texture.srv_descriptors.find(descriptor_key);
  if (it != texture.srv_descriptors.end()) {
    return it->second;
  }

  // Create a new bindless or cached descriptor if supported.
  D3D12_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC desc;

  xenos::TextureFormat format = texture.key.format;
  if (IsSignedVersionSeparate(format) &&
      texture.key.signed_separate != uint32_t(is_signed)) {
    // Not the version with the needed signedness.
    return UINT32_MAX;
  }
  if (is_signed) {
    // Not supporting signed compressed textures - hopefully DXN and DXT5A are
    // not used as signed.
    desc.Format = host_formats_[uint32_t(format)].dxgi_format_snorm;
  } else {
    desc.Format = GetDXGIUnormFormat(texture.key);
  }
  if (desc.Format == DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN) {
    unsupported_format_features_used_[uint32_t(format)] |=
        is_signed ? kUnsupportedSnormBit : kUnsupportedUnormBit;
    return UINT32_MAX;
  }

  uint32_t mip_levels = texture.key.mip_max_level + 1;
  switch (texture.key.dimension) {
    case xenos::DataDimension::k1D:
    case xenos::DataDimension::k2DOrStacked:
      desc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY;
      desc.Texture2DArray.MostDetailedMip = 0;
      desc.Texture2DArray.MipLevels = mip_levels;
      desc.Texture2DArray.FirstArraySlice = 0;
      desc.Texture2DArray.ArraySize = texture.key.depth;
      desc.Texture2DArray.PlaneSlice = 0;
      desc.Texture2DArray.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f;
      break;
    case xenos::DataDimension::k3D:
      desc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D;
      desc.Texture3D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
      desc.Texture3D.MipLevels = mip_levels;
      desc.Texture3D.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f;
      break;
    case xenos::DataDimension::kCube:
      desc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURECUBE;
      desc.TextureCube.MostDetailedMip = 0;
      desc.TextureCube.MipLevels = mip_levels;
      desc.TextureCube.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f;
      break;
    default:
      assert_unhandled_case(texture.key.dimension);
      return UINT32_MAX;
  }

  desc.Shader4ComponentMapping =
      host_swizzle |
      D3D12_SHADER_COMPONENT_MAPPING_ALWAYS_SET_BIT_AVOIDING_ZEROMEM_MISTAKES;

  auto device =
      command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider().GetDevice();
  uint32_t descriptor_index;
  if (bindless_resources_used_) {
    descriptor_index =
        command_processor_.RequestPersistentViewBindlessDescriptor();
    if (descriptor_index == UINT32_MAX) {
      XELOGE(
          "Failed to create a texture descriptor - no free bindless view "
          "descriptors");
      return UINT32_MAX;
    }
  } else {
    if (!srv_descriptor_cache_free_.empty()) {
      descriptor_index = srv_descriptor_cache_free_.back();
      srv_descriptor_cache_free_.pop_back();
    } else {
      // Allocated + 1 (including the descriptor that is being added), rounded
      // up to SRVDescriptorCachePage::kHeapSize, (allocated + 1 + size - 1).
      uint32_t cache_pages_needed = (srv_descriptor_cache_allocated_ +
                                     SRVDescriptorCachePage::kHeapSize) /
                                    SRVDescriptorCachePage::kHeapSize;
      if (srv_descriptor_cache_.size() < cache_pages_needed) {
        D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC cache_heap_desc;
        cache_heap_desc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV;
        cache_heap_desc.NumDescriptors = SRVDescriptorCachePage::kHeapSize;
        cache_heap_desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_NONE;
        cache_heap_desc.NodeMask = 0;
        while (srv_descriptor_cache_.size() < cache_pages_needed) {
          SRVDescriptorCachePage cache_page;
          if (FAILED(device->CreateDescriptorHeap(
                  &cache_heap_desc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&cache_page.heap)))) {
            XELOGE(
                "Failed to create a texture descriptor - couldn't create a "
                "descriptor cache heap");
            return UINT32_MAX;
          }
          cache_page.heap_start =
              cache_page.heap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();
          srv_descriptor_cache_.push_back(cache_page);
        }
      }
      descriptor_index = srv_descriptor_cache_allocated_++;
    }
  }
  device->CreateShaderResourceView(
      texture.resource, &desc, GetTextureDescriptorCPUHandle(descriptor_index));
  texture.srv_descriptors.insert({descriptor_key, descriptor_index});
  return descriptor_index;
}

D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE TextureCache::GetTextureDescriptorCPUHandle(
    uint32_t descriptor_index) const {
  auto& provider = command_processor_.GetD3D12Context().GetD3D12Provider();
  if (bindless_resources_used_) {
    return provider.OffsetViewDescriptor(
        command_processor_.GetViewBindlessHeapCPUStart(), descriptor_index);
  }
  D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE heap_start =
      srv_descriptor_cache_[descriptor_index /
                            SRVDescriptorCachePage::kHeapSize]
          .heap_start;
  uint32_t heap_offset = descriptor_index % SRVDescriptorCachePage::kHeapSize;
  return provider.OffsetViewDescriptor(heap_start, heap_offset);
}

void TextureCache::MarkTextureUsed(Texture* texture) {
  uint64_t current_frame = command_processor_.GetCurrentFrame();
  // This is called very frequently, don't relink unless needed for caching.
  if (texture->last_usage_frame != current_frame) {
    texture->last_usage_frame = current_frame;
    texture->last_usage_time = texture_current_usage_time_;
    if (texture->used_next == nullptr) {
      // Simplify the code a bit - already in the end of the list.
      return;
    }
    if (texture->used_previous != nullptr) {
      texture->used_previous->used_next = texture->used_next;
    } else {
      texture_used_first_ = texture->used_next;
    }
    texture->used_next->used_previous = texture->used_previous;
    texture->used_previous = texture_used_last_;
    texture->used_next = nullptr;
    if (texture_used_last_ != nullptr) {
      texture_used_last_->used_next = texture;
    }
    texture_used_last_ = texture;
  }
}

void TextureCache::WatchCallbackThunk(void* context, void* data,
                                      uint64_t argument,
                                      bool invalidated_by_gpu) {
  TextureCache* texture_cache = reinterpret_cast<TextureCache*>(context);
  texture_cache->WatchCallback(reinterpret_cast<Texture*>(data), argument != 0);
}

void TextureCache::WatchCallback(Texture* texture, bool is_mip) {
  // Mutex already locked here.
  if (is_mip) {
    texture->mips_in_sync = false;
    texture->mip_watch_handle = nullptr;
  } else {
    texture->base_in_sync = false;
    texture->base_watch_handle = nullptr;
  }
  texture_invalidated_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
}

void TextureCache::ClearBindings() {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < xe::countof(texture_bindings_); ++i) {
    texture_bindings_[i].Clear();
  }
  texture_bindings_in_sync_ = 0;
  // Already reset everything.
  texture_invalidated_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
}

bool TextureCache::IsRangeScaledResolved(uint32_t start_unscaled,
                                         uint32_t length_unscaled) {
  if (!IsResolutionScale2X() || length_unscaled == 0) {
    return false;
  }

  start_unscaled &= 0x1FFFFFFF;
  length_unscaled = std::min(length_unscaled, 0x20000000 - start_unscaled);

  // Two-level check for faster rejection since resolve targets are usually
  // placed in relatively small and localized memory portions (confirmed by
  // testing - pretty much all times the deeper level was entered, the texture
  // was a resolve target).
  uint32_t page_first = start_unscaled >> 12;
  uint32_t page_last = (start_unscaled + length_unscaled - 1) >> 12;
  uint32_t block_first = page_first >> 5;
  uint32_t block_last = page_last >> 5;
  uint32_t l2_block_first = block_first >> 6;
  uint32_t l2_block_last = block_last >> 6;
  auto global_lock = global_critical_region_.Acquire();
  for (uint32_t i = l2_block_first; i <= l2_block_last; ++i) {
    uint64_t l2_block = scaled_resolve_pages_l2_[i];
    if (i == l2_block_first) {
      l2_block &= ~((1ull << (block_first & 63)) - 1);
    }
    if (i == l2_block_last && (block_last & 63) != 63) {
      l2_block &= (1ull << ((block_last & 63) + 1)) - 1;
    }
    uint32_t block_relative_index;
    while (xe::bit_scan_forward(l2_block, &block_relative_index)) {
      l2_block &= ~(1ull << block_relative_index);
      uint32_t block_index = (i << 6) + block_relative_index;
      uint32_t check_bits = UINT32_MAX;
      if (block_index == block_first) {
        check_bits &= ~((1u << (page_first & 31)) - 1);
      }
      if (block_index == block_last && (page_last & 31) != 31) {
        check_bits &= (1u << ((page_last & 31) + 1)) - 1;
      }
      if (scaled_resolve_pages_[block_index] & check_bits) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

void TextureCache::ScaledResolveGlobalWatchCallbackThunk(
    void* context, uint32_t address_first, uint32_t address_last,
    bool invalidated_by_gpu) {
  TextureCache* texture_cache = reinterpret_cast<TextureCache*>(context);
  texture_cache->ScaledResolveGlobalWatchCallback(address_first, address_last,
                                                  invalidated_by_gpu);
}

void TextureCache::ScaledResolveGlobalWatchCallback(uint32_t address_first,
                                                    uint32_t address_last,
                                                    bool invalidated_by_gpu) {
  assert_true(IsResolutionScale2X());
  if (invalidated_by_gpu) {
    // Resolves themselves do exactly the opposite of what this should do.
    return;
  }
  // Mark scaled resolve ranges as non-scaled. Textures themselves will be
  // invalidated by their own per-range watches.
  uint32_t resolve_page_first = address_first >> 12;
  uint32_t resolve_page_last = address_last >> 12;
  uint32_t resolve_block_first = resolve_page_first >> 5;
  uint32_t resolve_block_last = resolve_page_last >> 5;
  uint32_t resolve_l2_block_first = resolve_block_first >> 6;
  uint32_t resolve_l2_block_last = resolve_block_last >> 6;
  for (uint32_t i = resolve_l2_block_first; i <= resolve_l2_block_last; ++i) {
    uint64_t resolve_l2_block = scaled_resolve_pages_l2_[i];
    uint32_t resolve_block_relative_index;
    while (
        xe::bit_scan_forward(resolve_l2_block, &resolve_block_relative_index)) {
      resolve_l2_block &= ~(1ull << resolve_block_relative_index);
      uint32_t resolve_block_index = (i << 6) + resolve_block_relative_index;
      uint32_t resolve_keep_bits = 0;
      if (resolve_block_index == resolve_block_first) {
        resolve_keep_bits |= (1u << (resolve_page_first & 31)) - 1;
      }
      if (resolve_block_index == resolve_block_last &&
          (resolve_page_last & 31) != 31) {
        resolve_keep_bits |= ~((1u << ((resolve_page_last & 31) + 1)) - 1);
      }
      scaled_resolve_pages_[resolve_block_index] &= resolve_keep_bits;
      if (scaled_resolve_pages_[resolve_block_index] == 0) {
        scaled_resolve_pages_l2_[i] &= ~(1ull << resolve_block_relative_index);
      }
    }
  }
}

}  // namespace d3d12
}  // namespace gpu
}  // namespace xe