diff --git a/crates/xenia-app/src/main.rs b/crates/xenia-app/src/main.rs
index 07ec4d8..8b53a3d 100644
--- a/crates/xenia-app/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/xenia-app/src/main.rs
@@ -4396,6 +4396,8 @@ fn dump_thread_diagnostic(
     }
     // JIT differential harness: checked/skipped/mismatch tally at clean exit.
     xenia_cpu::recompiler::report_diff_summary();
+    // JIT opcode-frequency histogram (XENIA_JIT_HIST) — drives M1 coverage.
+    xenia_cpu::recompiler::report_histogram();
 
     // STEP-10 diagnostic (observe-only, env-gated `XENIA_DUMP_SLOTS=1`).
     // Prints each scheduler slot's full runqueue with the fields needed to
diff --git a/crates/xenia-cpu/src/recompiler.rs b/crates/xenia-cpu/src/recompiler.rs
index 8191767..8b45075 100644
--- a/crates/xenia-cpu/src/recompiler.rs
+++ b/crates/xenia-cpu/src/recompiler.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, AtomicU8, Ordering};
 use crate::block_cache::DecodedBlock;
 use crate::context::PpcContext;
 use crate::interpreter::{execute, step_block, StepResult};
+use crate::opcode::PpcOpcode;
 use xenia_memory::MemoryAccess;
 
 /// Cached env gate. 0 = uninitialised, 1 = on, 2 = off.
@@ -74,6 +75,58 @@ pub fn diff_enabled() -> bool {
     cached_flag(&F, "XENIA_JIT_DIFF")
 }
 
+// ---- opcode histogram (XENIA_JIT_HIST) — data-drives M1 coverage ---------
+
+#[inline]
+fn hist_enabled() -> bool {
+    static F: AtomicU8 = AtomicU8::new(0);
+    cached_flag(&F, "XENIA_JIT_HIST")
+}
+
+thread_local! {
+    static HIST: RefCell<HashMap<PpcOpcode, u64>> = RefCell::new(HashMap::new());
+    static HIST_TICK: Cell<u32> = const { Cell::new(0) };
+}
+
+/// Sample 1-in-16 instructions — relative opcode frequencies are unbiased at
+/// this rate and the HashMap cost stops dominating the run.
+#[inline]
+fn hist_tally(op: PpcOpcode) {
+    let t = HIST_TICK.with(|c| {
+        let n = c.get().wrapping_add(1);
+        c.set(n);
+        n
+    });
+    if t & 0xF == 0 {
+        HIST.with(|h| *h.borrow_mut().entry(op).or_insert(0) += 1);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Print the opcode-frequency histogram (top 40 + cumulative %), so M1 coverage
+/// targets the opcodes that actually dominate boot+movie execution.
+pub fn report_histogram() {
+    if !hist_enabled() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let mut v: Vec<(PpcOpcode, u64)> =
+        HIST.with(|h| h.borrow().iter().map(|(&k, &c)| (k, c)).collect());
+    v.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.cmp(&a.1));
+    let total: u64 = v.iter().map(|(_, c)| c).sum();
+    eprintln!("=== JIT opcode histogram (total={total}, {} distinct) ===", v.len());
+    let mut cum = 0u64;
+    for (i, (op, c)) in v.iter().take(40).enumerate() {
+        cum += c;
+        eprintln!(
+            "  {:>2}. {:<14?} {:>12} {:>5.1}%  cum {:>5.1}%",
+            i + 1,
+            op,
+            c,
+            100.0 * *c as f64 / total as f64,
+            100.0 * cum as f64 / total as f64
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 /// Execute one decoded block. **M0: interpreter fallback for every opcode.**
 ///
 /// Byte-for-byte the same loop as [`crate::interpreter::step_block`]: bump
@@ -84,9 +137,13 @@ pub fn run_block(
     mem: &dyn MemoryAccess,
     block: &DecodedBlock,
 ) -> StepResult {
+    let hist = hist_enabled();
     let mut result = StepResult::Continue;
     for instr in &block.instrs {
         let expected_next = instr.addr.wrapping_add(4);
+        if hist {
+            hist_tally(instr.opcode);
+        }
         // M0 fallback: identical to the interpreter. Future stages dispatch
         // lowered ops here and only fall back for uncompiled opcodes.
         result = execute(ctx, mem, instr);