# `lvsl` — Load Vector for Shift Left Indexed > **Category:** [VMX (Altivec)](../categories/vmx.md) · **Form:** [X](../forms/X.md) · **Opcode:** `0x7c00000c` ## Assembler Mnemonics | Mnemonic | XML entry | Flags | Description | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `lvsl` | `lvsl` | — | Load Vector for Shift Left Indexed | | `lvsl128` | `lvsl128` | — | Load Vector for Shift Left Indexed 128 | ## Syntax ```asm lvsl [VD], [RA0], [RB] lvsl128 [VD], [RA0], [RB] ``` ## Encoding ### `lvsl` — form `X` - **Opcode word:** `0x7c00000c` - **Primary opcode (bits 0–5):** `31` - **Extended opcode:** `6` - **Synchronising:** no | Bits | Field | Meaning | | --- | --- | --- | | 0–5 | `OPCD` | primary opcode | | 6–10 | `RT/FRT/VRT` | destination | | 11–15 | `RA/FRA/VRA` | source A | | 16–20 | `RB/FRB/VRB` | source B | | 21–30 | `XO` | extended opcode (10 bits) | | 31 | `Rc` | record-form flag | ### `lvsl128` — form `VX128_1` - **Opcode word:** `0x10000003` - **Primary opcode (bits 0–5):** `4` - **Extended opcode:** `3` - **Synchronising:** no | Bits | Field | Meaning | | --- | --- | --- | | 0–5 | `OPCD` | primary opcode (4) | | 6–10 | `VD128l` | destination low 5 bits | | 11–15 | `RA` | address register | | 16–20 | `RB` | offset register | | 21–27 | `XO` | extended opcode | | 28–29 | `VD128h` | destination high 2 bits | | 30–31 | `—` | reserved | ## Operands | Field | Role | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | `RA0` | lvsl: read; lvsl128: read | Source GPR; when the encoded register number is 0 the operand is the literal 64-bit zero, **not** `r0`. | | `RB` | lvsl: read; lvsl128: read | Source GPR. | | `VD` | lvsl: write; lvsl128: write | Destination vector register. | ## Register Effects ### `lvsl` - **Reads (always):** `RA0`, `RB` - **Reads (conditional):** _none_ - **Writes (always):** `VD` - **Writes (conditional):** _none_ ### `lvsl128` - **Reads (always):** `RA0`, `RB` - **Reads (conditional):** _none_ - **Writes (always):** `VD` - **Writes (conditional):** _none_ ## Status-Register Effects _No condition-register or status-register effects._ ## Operation (pseudocode) ``` addr_lo <- ((RA|0) + (RB))[60:63] for i in 0..15: VD[i] <- addr_lo + i ``` ## C Translation Example ```c /* lvsl VD, RA, RB — load-shift-left permute control */ uint64_t base = (insn.RA == 0) ? 0 : r[insn.RA]; uint8_t sh = (uint8_t)((base + r[insn.RB]) & 0xF); for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) v[insn.VD].b[i] = sh + i; ``` ## Implementation References **`lvsl`** - xenia-canary XML: [`tools/ppc-instructions.xml` — search for `mnem="lvsl"`](../../xenia-canary/tools/ppc-instructions.xml) - xenia-canary emit: [`src/xenia/cpu/ppc/ppc_emit_altivec.cc:111`](../../xenia-canary/src/xenia/cpu/ppc/ppc_emit_altivec.cc#L111) - xenia-rs opcode: [`crates/xenia-cpu/src/opcode.rs:46`](../../xenia-rs/crates/xenia-cpu/src/opcode.rs#L46) - xenia-rs decoder: [`crates/xenia-cpu/src/decoder.rs:751`](../../xenia-rs/crates/xenia-cpu/src/decoder.rs#L751) - xenia-rs interpreter: [`crates/xenia-cpu/src/interpreter.rs:2520-2529`](../../xenia-rs/crates/xenia-cpu/src/interpreter.rs#L2520-L2529)
xenia-rs interpreter body (frozen snapshot) ```rust PpcOpcode::lvsl | PpcOpcode::lvsl128 => { let ea = if instr.ra() == 0 { 0u64 } else { ctx.gpr[instr.ra()] }; let ea = ea.wrapping_add(ctx.gpr[instr.rb()]); let sh = (ea & 0xF) as u8; let mut r = [0u8; 16]; for i in 0..16 { r[i] = sh + i as u8; } let vd = if matches!(instr.opcode, PpcOpcode::lvsl128) { instr.vd128() } else { instr.rd() }; ctx.vr[vd] = xenia_types::Vec128::from_bytes(r); ctx.pc += 4; } ```
**`lvsl128`** - xenia-canary XML: [`tools/ppc-instructions.xml` — search for `mnem="lvsl128"`](../../xenia-canary/tools/ppc-instructions.xml) - xenia-canary emit: [`src/xenia/cpu/ppc/ppc_emit_altivec.cc:114`](../../xenia-canary/src/xenia/cpu/ppc/ppc_emit_altivec.cc#L114) - xenia-rs opcode: [`crates/xenia-cpu/src/opcode.rs:46`](../../xenia-rs/crates/xenia-cpu/src/opcode.rs#L46) - xenia-rs decoder: [`crates/xenia-cpu/src/decoder.rs:412`](../../xenia-rs/crates/xenia-cpu/src/decoder.rs#L412) - xenia-rs interpreter: [`crates/xenia-cpu/src/interpreter.rs:2520-2529`](../../xenia-rs/crates/xenia-cpu/src/interpreter.rs#L2520-L2529)
xenia-rs interpreter body (frozen snapshot) ```rust PpcOpcode::lvsl | PpcOpcode::lvsl128 => { let ea = if instr.ra() == 0 { 0u64 } else { ctx.gpr[instr.ra()] }; let ea = ea.wrapping_add(ctx.gpr[instr.rb()]); let sh = (ea & 0xF) as u8; let mut r = [0u8; 16]; for i in 0..16 { r[i] = sh + i as u8; } let vd = if matches!(instr.opcode, PpcOpcode::lvsl128) { instr.vd128() } else { instr.rd() }; ctx.vr[vd] = xenia_types::Vec128::from_bytes(r); ctx.pc += 4; } ```
## Extended Pseudocode ``` ; lvsl VD, RA, RB — load vector for shift left (generates a permute mask) EA <- (RA|0) + (RB) ; full 64-bit EA; only the low 4 bits matter sh <- EA[60:63] ; bits 60..63 of EA (the misalignment) for i in 0..15: VD[i] <- sh + i ; bytes 0..15 of VD = {sh, sh+1, …, sh+15} ``` ## Special Cases & Edge Conditions - **No memory is actually read.** Despite the name, `lvsl` / `lvsr` do **not** touch memory. They consume the effective address only to extract the low four bits (the alignment offset) and materialise a 16-byte permute control vector in `VD`. They are pure "address → permute-mask" converters. - **Big-endian byte indexing.** `VD[0]` is the most-significant byte of the 128-bit register (lane 0). When `EA & 0xF == 0` the output is `{0, 1, 2, …, 15}`, i.e. the identity permute. When `EA & 0xF == 3` the output is `{3, 4, …, 18}` — modulo nothing, the values *do* exceed 15. That's intentional: fed into [`vperm`](vperm.md) (`vperm VD, VA, VB, VC`), byte selectors 0..15 index into `VA` and 16..31 index into `VB`. A stream of `lvsl` + two aligned `lvx` loads of consecutive 16-byte blocks + `vperm` reconstructs the unaligned 16-byte vector at `EA`. - **Pair with [`lvsr`](lvsr.md) for the opposite direction.** `lvsl` shifts "left" (toward the low index / high address byte); `lvsr` shifts "right". Which one to pick depends on which aligned block you're starting from — see the idiom below. - **Standard unaligned-load idiom.** ``` lvx vAL, r0, rA ; aligned block at EA & ~0xF lvx vAH, r0, rA + 16 ; next aligned block lvsl vC, r0, rA ; permute mask from misalignment vperm vD, vAL, vAH, vC ; the unaligned 16 bytes starting at EA ``` - **`RA0` semantics.** When `RA = 0` the base is the literal zero, so `lvsl vD, 0, rB` derives the mask from `rB & 0xF`. - **VMX128 sibling (`lvsl128`).** Same semantics; only the `VD` register is encoded with the 7-bit VMX128 register-fusion (`VD128l ‖ VD128h`) so `vD` may be `v0..v127`. - **No flags, no side effects** beyond writing `VD`. Trivial to move and schedule. ## Related Instructions - [`lvsr`](lvsr.md) — the mirror: `VD[i] = 16 − sh + i`. - [`vperm`](vperm.md) — consumes the mask to perform arbitrary byte-level permutation across two vectors. - [`lvx`](lvx.md), [`lvlx`](lvlx.md), [`lvrx`](lvrx.md) — the actual memory loads used alongside the mask. - [`vsldoi`](vsldoi.md) — static-offset shift-double; when the shift is compile-time known, this is cheaper than the `lvsl`/`vperm` pair. ## IBM Reference - [AIX 7.3 — `lvsl` (Load Vector for Shift Left Indexed)](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.3.0?topic=set-lvsl-load-vector-shift-left-indexed) - [IBM AltiVec Technology Programmer's Interface Manual — unaligned-load idiom](https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/reference-manual/ALTIVECPIM.pdf)