docs(sdk): SDK-shape reference + blueprint updates for v1.1.x
Lands the developer-facing reference for the SDK shape every v1.1.x
service implements against, plus the blueprint changes the shape and
the recently-shipped Phase 3.5 imply:
- New docs/sdk-shape.md — covers handle pattern, :: namespace,
throw/() error convention, sync↔async bridge, cross-app isolation
rule, ServiceEventEmitter, ExecutionGate + env var, stateless vs
stateful module registration.
- Blueprint §11.6 (Phase 3.5): Pending → ✓ Shipped, with a note that
it landed ahead of the originally planned slot.
- Blueprint §8.1 (KV Store): replace hstore schema + rationale with
JSONB. PK becomes (app_id, collection, key); cross-app isolation
is enforced at the index, not just the service layer. Note 64 KiB
per-value cap enforced at the service layer (lands with the KV PR
in v1.1.1).
- Blueprint new §7.5 (SDK Architecture): brief overview pointing to
docs/sdk-shape.md. Includes §7.5.1 sketch of the trigger
architecture (outbox + depth limit + (service, event, filter) →
script).
- Blueprint §12 Phase 4: restructured to enumerate v1.1.0 through
v1.1.8 with one focused capability per release. Current focus
moves to Phase 4 (v1.1.0) now that Phase 3.5 is done.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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# SDK shape (v1.1.x stateful services)
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This document describes the architectural shape every v1.1.x SDK
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service follows. It is **not** a feature reference for any particular
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service — those live in their own docs as each PR lands (KV in v1.1.1,
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docs in v1.1.2, …). What follows is the contract those PRs implement
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against, so the surface stays consistent and the build doesn't drift.
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The shape was laid down in v1.1.0 (the SDK foundation PR). If you find
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yourself re-litigating any of it inside a service PR, push back and
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update this doc explicitly first.
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## Two kinds of Rhai modules
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**Stateless utility modules** (regex, time, json, base64, hex, url —
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landing as v1.1.0's stdlib PR) are registered once at engine build.
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They have no per-call state and no cross-app sensitivity. Implementation
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goes in `executor-core::engine::build_engine` next to the existing
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`log::` registration. They use Rhai's `register_static_module`.
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**Stateful service modules** (kv, docs, http, cron, files, pubsub,
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secrets, email, users, queue, invoke) are registered **per call** by
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`executor-core::sdk::register_all`. They need:
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- A service handle bundled in `picloud_shared::Services` (constructed
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once at startup, cloned cheaply per call).
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- A per-call `SdkCallCx` carrying the calling app, principal,
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execution ids, and trigger depth.
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- Closures that capture both, registered as Rhai native functions
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inside a per-call `rhai::Module`.
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Mixing the two categories in one module is wrong — services that
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internally consult per-call context are stateful, period.
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## `::` namespace style
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Every SDK module exposes itself under a `::` namespace, mirroring the
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existing `log::`:
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```rhai
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log::info("hello"); // v1.0 — present
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let value = kv::collection("widgets").get("k"); // v1.1.1
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let resp = http::get("https://example.com"); // v1.1.4
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```
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Dotted-object syntax (`kv.get("widgets", "k")`) is **not** used.
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Rationale: `::` is consistent with Rust import syntax, doesn't
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require a wrapper "module object" in Rhai's scope, and keeps the
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module boundary obvious in scripts.
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## Handle pattern for collection-scoped services
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Services that operate on collections expose a **collection handle**
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returned by an `::collection(name)` constructor:
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```rhai
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let widgets = kv::collection("widgets");
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widgets.set("k", "v");
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let v = widgets.get("k");
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```
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Not `kv::set("widgets", "k", "v")`. The handle is a Rhai custom type
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the service registers; method calls bind to that type. This:
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- Removes the "did I get the collection-name argument right?" foot-gun.
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- Lets the implementation cache per-collection state on the handle
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(prepared statements, connection affinity) without leaking that
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into the call signature.
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- Pre-empts the "collection is implicit" failure mode where two
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services in the same script accidentally share a default collection.
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`(app_id, collection, key)` is the identity tuple for KV; `(app_id,
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collection, id)` for docs. Collections are **mandatory**, not optional
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— even single-collection apps name their collection. The service layer
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rejects requests with empty collection names.
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## Error convention
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- **Throw on failure.** `widgets.set("k", "v")` throws a Rhai runtime
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error on any operational problem (DB unavailable, payload too large,
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authz denied). Scripts opting into error handling use Rhai's
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`try/catch`.
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- **`()` for absent.** `widgets.get("missing")` returns `()` (Rhai
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unit). Scripts test absence with `if v == () { ... }` or use the
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matching `has(k)` predicate.
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- **`bool` for predicates.** `widgets.has(k)` is the cheap existence
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check that doesn't deserialize the value.
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This convention is uniform across every v1.1.x service. Adding
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`Result`-flavoured variants is a design departure that requires a doc
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update before implementation.
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## `SdkCallCx` and cross-app isolation
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Every stateful service trait method takes `&SdkCallCx` as its first
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non-self argument. The cx carries:
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```rust
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pub struct SdkCallCx {
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pub app_id: AppId,
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pub principal: Option<Principal>,
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pub execution_id: ExecutionId,
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pub request_id: RequestId,
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pub trigger_depth: u32,
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pub root_execution_id: ExecutionId,
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}
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```
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**The service implementation MUST derive `app_id` from `cx.app_id` —
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never from a script-passed argument.** Scripts cannot name another
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app's data, period. The closure registered into Rhai captures the
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`Arc<SdkCallCx>` for the call; the script never sees or passes
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`app_id`.
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Why this matters: a `kv::set("widgets", "k", v)` call with a
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script-supplied `app_id` would be a tenant-isolation vulnerability if
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that arg ever leaked into the storage query. By deriving from the
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host-attached cx, the service can't be tricked.
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`principal` is `Option<Principal>` because the data plane is
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unauthenticated by default — public HTTP scripts run with `None`.
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Services that need an authenticated identity (e.g., `users::*`) check
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`cx.principal.is_some()` and throw if missing.
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## Sync ↔ async bridge
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Rhai is synchronous; service trait methods (KV writes, HTTP calls) are
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async. The bridge runs *inside the `spawn_blocking` thread* that
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already wraps `Engine::execute` (orchestrator-core's
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`LocalExecutorClient`):
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```rust
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// Inside a Rhai-registered closure.
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let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
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let result = runtime.block_on(service.do_thing(&cx, args));
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```
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`Handle::current()` finds the same Tokio runtime that scheduled the
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`spawn_blocking`, so the `block_on` doesn't construct a fresh runtime.
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The thread is already off the async worker pool (that's what
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`spawn_blocking` does), so blocking inside it is safe.
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This pattern goes in every stateful service's registered Rhai closure.
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The first service PR (KV, v1.1.1) lands a helper so subsequent services
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don't reinvent the boilerplate.
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## `ServiceEventEmitter`
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Every stateful service that mutates data also emits events for the
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(future) triggers framework:
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```rust
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emitter.emit(&cx, ServiceEvent {
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source: "kv",
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op: "insert",
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collection: Some("widgets".into()),
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key: Some("k".into()),
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payload: Some(new_value_json),
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old_payload: None,
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}).await?;
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```
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v1.1.0 ships only `NoopEventEmitter`. The v1.1.1 triggers PR replaces
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that with an outbox-backed implementation: events land in a Postgres
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outbox table; a dispatcher worker reads them out-of-band, matches
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against registered triggers, and fans out script executions. The
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dispatcher enforces a depth limit via `cx.trigger_depth` so a
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trigger-fires-its-own-trigger chain can't run away.
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Services hold `Arc<dyn ServiceEventEmitter>` and emit unconditionally;
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the noop drops events, the real impl persists them. From the service's
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perspective the emission is fire-and-forget.
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## `ExecutionGate` and `PICLOUD_MAX_CONCURRENT_EXECUTIONS`
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A single global semaphore caps concurrent script executions. Default
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is 32; override via the `PICLOUD_MAX_CONCURRENT_EXECUTIONS` env var.
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Acquisition is **non-blocking, no queue** — if a permit isn't free,
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the request is refused immediately with HTTP 503 and a `Retry-After:
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1` header.
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Rationale: Rhai execution runs under `spawn_blocking`, which uses a
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finite pool of blocking threads (defaults to 512 in current Tokio).
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Without a cap, a script storm parks every blocking thread and starves
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every other workload (DB writes, log sinks, audit emission). Hard
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pushback is preferable to silent degradation.
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Per-app or per-script caps are deferred until a real workload demands
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them. The gate lives in `orchestrator-core::gate::ExecutionGate` and
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is constructed once in the picloud binary's `build_app`.
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## Registration: where future services hook in
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```rust
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// orchestrator-core / executor-core internal call path —
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// you do not implement this; you implement registration helpers
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// that future PRs call from here.
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pub fn register_all(engine: &mut RhaiEngine, services: &Services, cx: Arc<SdkCallCx>) {
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// v1.1.1: register_kv(engine, services, cx.clone());
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// v1.1.2: register_docs(engine, services, cx.clone());
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// …
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}
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```
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Each service PR adds:
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1. A `Service` trait + impl in `manager-core` (since that's where the
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DB-backed implementations live).
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2. A field on `picloud_shared::Services` (`pub kv: Arc<dyn KvService>`).
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3. A `register_kv` helper inside `executor-core::sdk::kv` that takes
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the engine, the service, and the cx, then registers the Rhai
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`::collection(...)` constructor and method bindings.
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4. A new `Capability` variant in `manager-core::authz` (e.g.
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`AppKvRead(AppId)`) and a check inside the service impl.
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That sequence is the entire mechanical pattern; nothing here should
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require architecture-level discussion past v1.1.0.
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## What this doc does NOT cover
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- Service-specific schemas (KV table layout, docs query DSL, etc.) —
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in each service PR.
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- Authentication and the admin auth model — see blueprint §11.5,
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§11.6 and Phase 3.5.
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- The trigger dispatch design (outbox row layout, fan-out semantics,
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trigger CRUD endpoints) — comes with v1.1.1.
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- Cluster mode considerations — deferred to v1.3+.
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@@ -1022,9 +1022,9 @@ The scripts and routes endpoints keep their existing shape — this avoids forci
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---
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## 11.6 Users, roles, and bearer-token auth (Phase 3.5) — Pending
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## 11.6 Users, roles, and bearer-token auth (Phase 3.5) — ✓ Shipped
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**Status**: pending. Targets `crates/manager-core/src/{authz,api_keys_api,api_key_repo}.rs`, an extended `auth_middleware.rs`, new shared types under `crates/shared/src/auth.rs`, migration `0006_users_authz.sql`.
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**Status**: shipped, ahead of the originally planned slot. Lives in `crates/manager-core/src/{authz,api_keys_api,api_key_repo}.rs`, the extended `auth_middleware.rs`, shared types under `crates/shared/src/auth.rs`, and migration `0006_users_authz.sql`. `can(principal, capability)` and `require(principal, capability)` are the single gate every admin handler goes through.
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**Purpose**: bridge Phase 3b → Phase 4. Phase 4's v1.1 SDKs (KV, docs, HTTP, cron) each gate access on the calling principal. Without a real authorization model in place, every SDK addition has to either invent its own gate or stay open. Phase 3.5 lands `can(principal, capability)` as the single check every future SDK + admin endpoint goes through, so v1.1 work focuses on data plane shape, not on re-litigating auth.
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@@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ Defer to follow-up sessions: dashboard surfaces for invites / key minting (curl
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---
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### Phase 3: v1.0.x — Foundations (Current focus)
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### Phase 3: v1.0.x — Foundations ✓ (Shipped)
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Three foundation pieces that must land before the v1.1 service expansion, because retrofitting them later is expensive.
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@@ -1231,24 +1231,27 @@ Three foundation pieces that must land before the v1.1 service expansion, becaus
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**3b. Multi-app scoping** — ✓ shipped. See section 11.5. `apps`, `app_domains`, `app_slug_history` tables; `app_id` columns on `scripts`, `routes`, `execution_logs`. Migration assigns existing data to a `default` app and always claims `localhost`; a Rust-side bootstrap inserts a `Hello World` script + `/hello` route when the default app is empty. Orchestrator dispatch is two-phase (Host → app → route trie). `/api/v1/execute/{id}/*` continues to work without a public domain claim. Dashboard is app-hierarchical (`/admin/apps`, `/admin/apps/{slug}/...`); API stays flat with new endpoints under `/api/v1/admin/apps/*` and a `?app=` filter on script listing. Per-app admin roles deferred.
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**3c. Users, roles, and bearer-token auth** — pending. See section 11.6. Adds `instance_role` to `admin_users` (`owner`/`admin`/`member`), `app_members` for per-app `app_admin`/`editor`/`viewer` grants, and `api_keys` for `Authorization: Bearer pic_…` credentials. Unifies cookie-session and API-key paths behind a single `can(principal, capability)` gate; list endpoints filter by membership at SQL for `member` users. Dashboard surfaces, invites, MFA, service accounts, and the `picloud` CLI binary are deferred — schema room only.
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**3c. Users, roles, and bearer-token auth (Phase 3.5)** — ✓ shipped. See section 11.6. Adds `instance_role` to `admin_users` (`owner`/`admin`/`member`), `app_members` for per-app `app_admin`/`editor`/`viewer` grants, and `api_keys` for `Authorization: Bearer pic_…` credentials. Unifies cookie-session and API-key paths behind a single `can(principal, capability)` gate; list endpoints filter by membership at SQL for `member` users. Dashboard surfaces, invites, MFA, service accounts, and the `picloud` CLI binary are deferred — schema room only.
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**Why all three before v1.1**: every v1.1 service (KV, docs, users, etc.) needs both an `app_id` scoping key in its schema and a `Principal` to authorize against. Adding both now is one migration each on a small surface; adding them after the SDKs ship is many migrations on populated data plus a re-gate of every SDK call.
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---
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### Phase 4: v1.1 (Expand Capabilities & Services)
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Ordered roughly by foundation value: each row enables the rows below it.
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### Phase 4: v1.1 (Expand Capabilities & Services) — Current focus
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1. **Rhai SDK: KV Store** (`kv.get/set/delete/has` with collections, scoped per app)
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2. **Rhai SDK: Document Store** (`docs.create/find/update/delete/list/query`, scoped per app)
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3. **Rhai SDK: HTTP** (`http.get/post/put/delete` with SSRF deny-list)
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4. **Cron triggers** (manager scheduler skeleton already exists; needs schedules table + `FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED` dispatch)
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5. **Rhai SDK: Email** (`email.send` via SMTP; needs per-deploy config)
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6. **Rhai SDK: User Management** (auth, CRUD, roles, permissions, invitations, password reset; depends on email for invites; scoped per app)
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7. **Queue triggers** (start with Postgres LISTEN/NOTIFY; RabbitMQ/Redis later if needed)
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8. **`invoke()` + `retry::*`** (function-to-function calls; execution_logs gain `parent_execution_id`)
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9. **Secrets management** (encrypted env vars, per app)
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Released in patch steps (v1.1.0 → v1.1.8), each landing one focused capability. The split lets each release ship behind tests + docs without long-lived branches. SDK shape (handle pattern, `::` namespace, error convention, `ExecutionGate`, `SdkCallCx`, `ServiceEventEmitter` — see §7.5 and [docs/sdk-shape.md](../docs/sdk-shape.md)) is fixed in v1.1.0; every subsequent release fills in the contents without re-litigating the shape.
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| Version | Capability |
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|---------|------------|
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| **v1.1.0** | **Foundation & Standard Library** — SDK shape (`Services` bundle, `SdkCallCx`, `ExecutionGate`, `ServiceEventEmitter` trait shape); stdlib utilities (regex, random, time, json, base64, hex, url). |
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| **v1.1.1** | **Storage & Events** — KV store keyed `(app_id, collection, key)`; triggers framework (outbox + dispatcher + trigger CRUD + `ctx.event` + depth limit); KV trigger kinds. |
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| **v1.1.2** | **Documents** — `docs::collection(name).create/find/update/delete/list` with `docs:*` triggers. |
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| **v1.1.3** | **Modules** — `scripts.kind`, per-app resolver replaces `DummyModuleResolver`, AST cache + dep-graph invalidation. |
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| **v1.1.4** | **Outbound HTTP & Scheduled Tasks** — `http::*` with SSRF deny-list; cron triggers. |
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| **v1.1.5** | **Files & Messaging** — filesystem-backed blobs with `files:*` triggers; pub/sub via LISTEN/NOTIFY with `pubsub:*` triggers. |
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| **v1.1.6** | **Configuration & Email** — encrypted per-app secrets; outbound `email::send` / `send_html` + inbound `email:receive` trigger. |
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| **v1.1.7** | **User Management** — `users::*` for in-script CRUD, auth, roles, invites, password reset. |
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| **v1.1.8** | **Durable Queues & Function Composition** — `queue::*` with `queue:receive` trigger; `invoke()` + `retry::*` (closures-as-args, re-entrant Rhai). |
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---
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@@ -1309,59 +1312,71 @@ Ordered roughly by foundation value: each row enables the rows below it.
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| **ctx** (global) | `ctx.execution_id`, `ctx.script_id`, `ctx.script_name`, `ctx.request_id`, `ctx.trace_id`, `ctx.invocation_type`, `ctx.parent_execution_id`, `ctx.request.path`, `ctx.request.headers`, `ctx.request.body` | MVP+ |
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| **Response** | Return `{ statusCode, headers?, body }` | MVP |
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## 7.5 SDK Architecture (v1.1.x foundation)
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||||
Stateful Rhai SDK services (KV, docs, HTTP, …) hang off a common shape laid down by the v1.1.0 SDK foundation PR. Full reference lives in [docs/sdk-shape.md](../docs/sdk-shape.md); this section sketches the moving parts so other sections can refer to them by name.
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**`Services` bundle** (`picloud_shared::Services`) — an `#[non_exhaustive]` struct constructed once at startup. v1.1.0 ships it empty; each subsequent v1.1.x PR adds one `Arc<dyn KvService>` / `Arc<dyn DocsService>` / … field. Held on `Engine`, passed by reference to the per-call registration hook.
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**Per-call context** (`picloud_shared::SdkCallCx`) — every stateful service trait method takes `&SdkCallCx` as its first non-self argument. Carries `app_id`, `Option<Principal>`, `execution_id`, `request_id`, and the `trigger_depth` / `root_execution_id` slots that the triggers framework populates. Services derive `app_id` from the cx — never from script-passed args. **That rule is the cross-app isolation boundary**; scripts cannot name another app's data.
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**Handle pattern** — collection-scoped services expose `kv::collection("widgets").get("k")`, not `kv::get("widgets", "k")`. Removes the wrong-collection-name foot-gun and lets implementations cache per-collection state. `(app_id, collection, key)` is the identity tuple for KV; `(app_id, collection, id)` for docs. Collections are mandatory.
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**Error convention** — throw on failure, `()` for absent, `bool` for predicates. Uniform across every v1.1.x service. Scripts opt into handling errors via Rhai's `try/catch`.
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||||
|
||||
**`ExecutionGate`** (`orchestrator-core::gate::ExecutionGate`) — single global semaphore capping concurrent script executions. Default 32, override via the `PICLOUD_MAX_CONCURRENT_EXECUTIONS` env var. Non-blocking — on overflow, the orchestrator returns HTTP 503 with `Retry-After: 1` immediately. No queue. Rationale: Rhai runs under `spawn_blocking`, so unbounded concurrency would park every blocking thread and starve every other workload.
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||||
**`ServiceEventEmitter`** (`picloud_shared::ServiceEventEmitter`) — every mutating service method emits a `ServiceEvent { source, op, collection, key, payload, old_payload }`. v1.1.0 ships `NoopEventEmitter`; the real outbox-backed dispatcher lands with v1.1.1 (see 7.5.1).
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### 7.5.1 Trigger architecture (sketch)
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Triggers fire scripts in response to service events. Three locked properties; full design and CRUD endpoints land with v1.1.1.
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Async outbox**: services emit events synchronously into a Postgres outbox table; a separate dispatcher worker reads, matches them against registered triggers, and fans out script executions. Service writes don't block on trigger fan-out.
|
||||
2. **Depth-limited**: each trigger-spawned execution increments `cx.trigger_depth`. The dispatcher refuses to fan out beyond a configured ceiling to prevent runaway feedback loops. `cx.root_execution_id` preserves the originating execution id for audit grouping.
|
||||
3. **Trigger model**: a trigger is `(service, event, filter) → script`, stored in a `triggers` table. The filter is the dispatcher's match predicate on the emitted `ServiceEvent`.
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.1 KV Store Service
|
||||
**Purpose**: Simple key-value persistence organized by collections, shared across script invocations and scripts.
|
||||
**Purpose**: Simple key-value persistence organized by collections, scoped per app and shared across script invocations and scripts within that app.
|
||||
|
||||
**PostgreSQL Setup:**
|
||||
**PostgreSQL Schema:**
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
-- Enable hstore extension (one-time setup)
|
||||
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS hstore;
|
||||
|
||||
-- Create KV table with collection support
|
||||
CREATE TABLE kv_store (
|
||||
app_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES apps(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
|
||||
collection TEXT NOT NULL,
|
||||
key TEXT NOT NULL,
|
||||
value hstore NOT NULL,
|
||||
key TEXT NOT NULL,
|
||||
value JSONB NOT NULL,
|
||||
expires_at TIMESTAMP,
|
||||
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
|
||||
updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
|
||||
|
||||
PRIMARY KEY (collection, key)
|
||||
|
||||
PRIMARY KEY (app_id, collection, key)
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE INDEX idx_kv_collection ON kv_store(collection);
|
||||
CREATE INDEX idx_kv_expires ON kv_store(expires_at)
|
||||
CREATE INDEX idx_kv_app_collection ON kv_store(app_id, collection);
|
||||
CREATE INDEX idx_kv_expires ON kv_store(expires_at)
|
||||
WHERE expires_at IS NOT NULL;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Why hstore + collections?**
|
||||
- Lightweight, purpose-built for key-value storage
|
||||
- Collections allow logical grouping (e.g., `kv:sessions`, `kv:counters`, `kv:flags`)
|
||||
- Faster than JSONB for simple KV use cases
|
||||
- Built-in indexing support
|
||||
- Keeps all data in one database (no Redis dependency)
|
||||
**Why JSONB + mandatory collections + `app_id` first:**
|
||||
- `(app_id, collection, key)` is the identity tuple. The PK begins with `app_id` so the index is naturally per-app; cross-app reads can't happen even if the service layer has a bug.
|
||||
- Collections are **mandatory** — every set / get / delete names one. The same key can legitimately live in multiple collections within one app (`sessions:abc` and `counters:abc` are distinct rows).
|
||||
- JSONB carries arbitrary script-side values (nested objects, arrays) without a separate serialization step. `hstore` was considered and ruled out — it doesn't carry nested types and would force a second JSONB column the moment a script writes a structured value.
|
||||
|
||||
**Rhai SDK:**
|
||||
**Value-size cap:** 64 KiB per value, enforced at the service layer (script-visible error on overflow). The cap keeps KV "small fast values, not blob storage"; the v1.1.5 files SDK is the right home for large payloads.
|
||||
|
||||
**Rhai SDK (handle pattern — see [docs/sdk-shape.md](docs/sdk-shape.md)):**
|
||||
```rhai
|
||||
// Get a value from a collection
|
||||
let val = kv.get("sessions", "user:123"); // Returns object or null
|
||||
let sessions = kv::collection("sessions");
|
||||
sessions.set("user:123", #{ token: "abc", created: "2026-04-10" });
|
||||
let val = sessions.get("user:123"); // value or () if absent
|
||||
sessions.delete("user:123");
|
||||
sessions.set("user:123", #{ token: "xyz" }, 3600); // TTL in seconds
|
||||
if sessions.has("user:123") { ... }
|
||||
|
||||
// Set a value in a collection
|
||||
kv.set("sessions", "user:123", { token: "abc", created: "2026-04-10" });
|
||||
|
||||
// Delete a key from a collection
|
||||
kv.delete("sessions", "user:123");
|
||||
|
||||
// Set with TTL (seconds)
|
||||
kv.set("sessions", "user:123", { token: "xyz" }, 3600);
|
||||
|
||||
// Check if key exists in a collection
|
||||
if kv.has("sessions", "user:123") { ... }
|
||||
|
||||
// Use different collections for different purposes
|
||||
kv.set("counters", "api:calls", 42);
|
||||
kv.set("flags", "feature:beta", true);
|
||||
kv.set("cache", "page:home", { html: "..." });
|
||||
// Distinct collections in one script — different handles.
|
||||
let counters = kv::collection("counters");
|
||||
counters.set("api:calls", 42);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Use Cases:**
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user